Heat Pumps for New Energy & Electronics | HETAPRO<\/title>\r\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Industrial heat pumps for lithium battery drying, dry rooms and wafer wet cleaning. 30-150\u00b0C process heat, interactive series selector and 10-year TCO calculator.\">\r\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/hetapro.com\/new-energy-electronics-heat-pump-solutions\/\">\r\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index,follow,max-image-preview:large\">\r\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"website\">\r\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\">\r\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"HETAPRO\">\r\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Heat Pumps for New Energy & Electronics | HETAPRO\">\r\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Battery coating drying, dry-room regeneration, wafer wet benches and hot UPW \u2014 30\u00b0C to 150\u00b0C process heat. Match the series to your temperature, then price ten years of heat against your boiler.\">\r\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/hetapro.com\/new-energy-electronics-heat-pump-solutions\/\">\r\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/hetapro.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/hero-bg-batery-semiconductor.webp\">\r\n<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/webp\">\r\n<meta property=\"og:image:alt\" content=\"Glowing semiconductor die on a circuit board, the manufacturing environment where 30 to 150 degree process heat decides cell and wafer yield\">\r\n<meta name=\"theme-color\" content=\"#170A0C\">\r\n<link rel=\"preload\" as=\"image\" href=\"https:\/\/hetapro.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/hero-bg-batery-semiconductor.webp\" type=\"image\/webp\" media=\"(min-width: 641px)\">\r\n<link rel=\"preconnect\" href=\"https:\/\/fonts.googleapis.com\">\r\n<link rel=\"preconnect\" href=\"https:\/\/fonts.gstatic.com\" crossorigin>\r\n<link href=\"https:\/\/fonts.googleapis.com\/css2?family=Inter:wght@400..700&display=swap\" rel=\"stylesheet\">\r\n<style>\r\n\r\n:root{\r\n --ink:#170A0C; 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Cathode coating lines typically run 85-130\u00b0C supply air and anode lines 75-110\u00b0C. HT-A2W delivers 135\u00b0C hot water that heats the oven coil, and HT-W2S delivers 110-150\u00b0C steam for lines originally designed around a steam coil. The heat source is normally the oven's own exhaust at 70-105\u00b0C, not ambient air, which is what keeps the COP high.\"}\r\n },\r\n {\r\n \"@type\": \"Question\",\r\n \"name\": \"What dew point can you hold in a lithium battery dry room?\",\r\n \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Dry rooms for electrode and electrolyte areas are typically held at -40\u00b0C dew point, 20-25\u00b0C and below 1% RH. The heat pump does not dehumidify directly; it supplies the 120-140\u00b0C regeneration air for conventional desiccant wheels, or 80-90\u00b0C hot water where mid-temperature regeneration wheels are used. Regeneration is usually 30-40% of the dry room's energy consumption, which is why the heat source matters.\"}\r\n },\r\n {\r\n \"@type\": \"Question\",\r\n \"name\": \"Does the heat pump touch the chemicals or the ultrapure water?\",\r\n \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"No. The refrigerant circuit never contacts process fluids. Heat is transferred through an isolated secondary loop and a double-wall heat exchanger, with wetted parts in 316L stainless steel, high-purity PFA or equivalent. This is a hard requirement in wafer fabs: no copper or brass wetted surfaces, no possibility of refrigerant crossing into ultrapure water, and leak detection on the intermediate loop.\"}\r\n },\r\n {\r\n \"@type\": \"Question\",\r\n \"name\": \"What about the 800-1200\u00b0C furnace steps in a wafer fab?\",\r\n \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Those stay electric. Diffusion, oxidation, LPCVD, PECVD and epitaxy run far above any heat pump's reach, and we do not pretend otherwise. The heat pump's territory is wet processing, hot ultrapure water, bath heating, IPA drying, cleanroom reheat and heat recovery from the sub-fab chiller loop - which is where most of the low-grade energy in a fab is actually wasted.\"}\r\n },\r\n {\r\n \"@type\": \"Question\",\r\n \"name\": \"Is NMP-laden exhaust safe for a heat pump?\",\r\n \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"It requires an engineered approach, not a standard unit. NMP exhaust passes through particulate filtration first, and the heat exchanger and electrical equipment in the exhaust path must be rated for the solvent zone (ATEX \/ IECEx), with NMP concentration kept well below the lower explosive limit and continuous monitoring. Where the zone classification cannot be met, an indirect water loop between exhaust and heat pump is the safer architecture.\"}\r\n },\r\n {\r\n \"@type\": \"Question\",\r\n \"name\": \"How fast does a project pay back?\",\r\n \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"It depends on three numbers: your heat load, your annual operating hours, and the gap between your current cost of heat and your electricity price. Coating lines and dry rooms run thousands of hours a year at high load, so they sit at the favourable end. Send us the three numbers and we will return an indicative COP and payback range rather than a generic claim.\"}\r\n }\r\n ]\r\n }\r\n ]\r\n}\r\n<\/script>\r\n<\/head>\r\n<body>\r\n\r\n<header class=\"hero\">\r\n <div class=\"hero-bg\">\r\n <img src=\"https:\/\/hetapro.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/hero-bg-batery-semiconductor.webp\"\r\n srcset=\"https:\/\/hetapro.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/hero-bg-batery-semiconductor-768x432.webp 768w,\r\n https:\/\/hetapro.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/hero-bg-batery-semiconductor-1024x576.webp 1024w,\r\n https:\/\/hetapro.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/hero-bg-batery-semiconductor.webp 1600w\"\r\n sizes=\"100vw\"\r\n width=\"1600\" height=\"900\"\r\n alt=\"Glowing semiconductor die on a circuit board, the manufacturing environment where 30 to 150 degree process heat decides cell and wafer yield\"\r\n fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\">\r\n <\/div>\r\n <div class=\"hero-veil\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"wrap\">\r\n <div class=\"eyebrow\">Applications \u00b7 New Energy & Electronics<\/div>\r\n <h1>One degree decides the yield.<br>We deliver that degree.<\/h1>\r\n <p class=\"lede\">Lithium battery drying, dry-room regeneration, wafer wet cleaning, hot ultrapure water \u2014 the heat that decides whether a cell or a wafer passes, produced at 30\u2013150 \u00b0C with no flame. HETAPRO heat pumps take the low-grade heat your process already throws away and put it back where it earns money.<\/p>\r\n <div class=\"specbar\">\r\n <div><b>30\u2013150 \u00b0C<\/b><span>Hot water \u00b7 steam \u00b7 hot air<\/span><\/div>\r\n <div><b>6 series<\/b><span>Matched to each process step<\/span><\/div>\r\n <div><b>\u221240 \u00b0C dew point<\/b><span>Dry-room regeneration heat<\/span><\/div>\r\n <div><b>24\/7 duty<\/b><span>Continuous process operation<\/span><\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n<\/header>\r\n\r\n<main class=\"wrap\">\r\n\r\n\r\n<section class=\"tshell\" id=\"series\">\r\n <div class=\"tshell-head\">\r\n <div class=\"kicker\">Interactive series selector<\/div>\r\n <h2>Set the temperature. The series, the COP and the machine follow.<\/h2>\r\n <p>Choose the temperature your process actually holds \u2014 not the nameplate maximum \u2014 and the panel returns the matching series, the realistic COP at that lift, the heat source that can feed it, and whether a boiler still has a job. Drag the slider or use the arrow keys. <strong>The scale stops at 150 \u00b0C because that is the highest temperature any HETAPRO machine delivers.<\/strong> Diffusion, oxidation, LPCVD and epitaxy at 800\u20131,200 \u00b0C are not on it, because no heat pump reaches them and pretending otherwise is how a supplier loses a fab engineer in the first meeting.<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"tstage\">\r\n <div class=\"tslider-wrap\">\r\n <label for=\"tempSlider\" style=\"position:absolute;left:-9999px\">Select process temperature<\/label>\r\n <input type=\"range\" class=\"tslider\" id=\"tempSlider\" min=\"30\" max=\"150\" step=\"1\" value=\"95\"\r\n aria-describedby=\"tReadout\" aria-valuetext=\"95 degrees Celsius, anode drying series\">\r\n <div class=\"ticks\">\r\n <span style=\"left:0%\"><b>30<\/b>\u00b0C<\/span>\r\n <span style=\"left:25%\"><b>60<\/b>\u00b0C<\/span>\r\n <span style=\"left:41.7%\"><b>80<\/b>\u00b0C<\/span>\r\n <span style=\"left:54.2%\"><b>95<\/b>\u00b0C<\/span>\r\n <span style=\"left:66.7%\"><b>110<\/b>\u00b0C<\/span>\r\n <span style=\"left:83.3%\"><b>130<\/b>\u00b0C<\/span>\r\n <span style=\"left:100%\"><b>150<\/b>\u00b0C<\/span>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"treadout\" id=\"tReadout\" aria-live=\"polite\">\r\n <div class=\"tbig\">\r\n <div class=\"lab\">Process temperature<\/div>\r\n <div class=\"val\" id=\"tVal\">95<small>\u00b0C<\/small><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"tseriesname\" id=\"tSeries\">Anode drying, IPA & calendering<\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <div class=\"tbody\">\r\n <h4 id=\"tProcess\">Anode coating, IPA vapour drying, calendering rolls \u2014 80 \/ 95 \u00b0C<\/h4>\r\n <p id=\"tDesc\">Anode coating lines using water-based slurry run 75\u2013110 \u00b0C, with the first zones in this band; IPA vapour drying needs 80\u2013100 \u00b0C and calendering rolls 80\u2013120 \u00b0C. Heat arrives as hot water through an oven coil or a roll circuit, or as hot air where the line was built around a direct-fired heater. This is where a 95 \u00b0C water-source machine stops being a utility device and starts carrying process load.<\/p>\r\n <div class=\"tspecs\">\r\n <div class=\"tspec\"><b id=\"tCop\">3.4 \u2013 3.9<\/b><span>Typical COP<\/span><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"tspec\"><b id=\"tDuty\">Hot water \/ hot air<\/b><span>Delivery form<\/span><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"tspec\"><b id=\"tSrc\">Oven exhaust 70\u2013105 \u00b0C<\/b><span>Feasible heat source<\/span><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"tspec\"><b id=\"tBoiler\">Optional<\/b><span>Boiler still needed?<\/span><\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"tcards\" id=\"tCards\">\r\n <div class=\"tcards-h\">The six series \u2014 click a card to jump the slider<\/div>\r\n <noscript>\r\n <div class=\"series active\">\r\n <div class=\"sn\">01<\/div><div class=\"st\">30 \/ 60 \u00b0C<\/div>\r\n <div class=\"sl\">Utility, cooling & heat recovery<\/div>\r\n <p>Chilled water, plating baths, cleanroom reheat, sub-fab condenser recovery. COP 4.6\u20135.2.<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <div class=\"series\">\r\n <div class=\"sn\">02<\/div><div class=\"st\">60 \/ 80 \u00b0C<\/div>\r\n <div class=\"sl\">Low-temperature wet benches<\/div>\r\n <p>SC-1, SC-2, post-CMP clean, hot UPW, adhesive curing. COP 3.9\u20134.6.<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <div class=\"series\">\r\n <div class=\"sn\">03<\/div><div class=\"st\">80 \/ 95 \u00b0C<\/div>\r\n <div class=\"sl\">Anode drying, IPA & calendering<\/div>\r\n <p>Anode coating, IPA vapour drying, calendering rolls. COP 3.4\u20133.9.<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <div class=\"series\">\r\n <div class=\"sn\">04<\/div><div class=\"st\">95 \/ 110 \u00b0C<\/div>\r\n <div class=\"sl\">Cathode drying & vacuum bake<\/div>\r\n <p>Cathode NMP coating, vacuum bake, high-temperature hot water. COP 3.0\u20133.4.<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <div class=\"series\">\r\n <div class=\"sn\">05<\/div><div class=\"st\">110 \/ 130 \u00b0C<\/div>\r\n <div class=\"sl\">Solvent recovery & regeneration<\/div>\r\n <p>NMP reboilers and dry-room desiccant regeneration. COP 2.5\u20133.0.<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <div class=\"series\">\r\n <div class=\"sn\">06<\/div><div class=\"st\">130 \/ 150 \u00b0C<\/div>\r\n <div class=\"sl\">SPM & high-temperature steam<\/div>\r\n <p>SPM \/ piranha strip baths and high-temperature regeneration. COP 2.0\u20132.5.<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/noscript>\r\n <\/div>\r\n<\/section>\r\n\r\n<h2>Two industries, one thermodynamic problem<\/h2>\r\n <p>Battery plants and wafer fabs look nothing alike, yet they waste energy in the same shape. Both need heat at a precise temperature, both reject enormous quantities of low-grade heat a few metres away, and both have been trained by decades of cheap gas to solve the first problem by burning fuel and the second by running cooling towers.<\/p>\r\n <p>The numbers make the case on their own. A cathode coating line holds six or seven drying zones between <strong>85 \u00b0C and 130 \u00b0C<\/strong> and exhausts air at <strong>70\u2013105 \u00b0C<\/strong>. A lithium dry room holds <strong>\u221240 \u00b0C dew point<\/strong> by regenerating desiccant at <strong>120\u2013140 \u00b0C<\/strong>, and that regeneration alone can be 30\u201340% of the dry room's energy. A wafer wet bench runs SPM at <strong>120\u2013150 \u00b0C<\/strong> and SC-1\/SC-2 at <strong>65\u201385 \u00b0C<\/strong>, while the sub-fab chillers reject condenser water at <strong>30\u201340 \u00b0C<\/strong> around the clock.<\/p>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"cards c4\">\r\n <div class=\"card\"><span class=\"num\">01<\/span><h4>Heat is the yield variable<\/h4><p>Oven temperature swings crack electrodes and shift solvent residue. Bath temperature shifts etch rate and particle removal. Precision is not a comfort feature here \u2014 it is the process.<\/p><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"card\"><span class=\"num\">02<\/span><h4>Heating and cooling at once<\/h4><p>Both plants run chillers and heaters on the same day, often in the same room. A water-source heat pump moves that heat instead of buying it twice.<\/p><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"card\"><span class=\"num\">03<\/span><h4>Scope 2 is now audited<\/h4><p>Battery customers audit their suppliers' carbon intensity; fabs report to their own customers. On-site combustion is the easiest line item to delete.<\/p><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"card\"><span class=\"num\">04<\/span><h4>The waste heat is already there<\/h4><p>Oven exhaust, chiller condensers, wet-bench overflow, CDA compressor heat. None of it needs to be generated \u2014 only lifted.<\/p><\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"note deep\">\r\n <b class=\"lbl\">How to read this page<\/b>\r\n Every process below is listed with its <strong>actual working temperature and the form of heat it needs<\/strong> \u2014 hot water, steam or hot air. Where a heat pump cannot serve a step, the page says so and explains why. An application page that claims everything is an application page nobody believes.\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <section class=\"finder\" id=\"finder\">\r\n <div class=\"finder-head\">\r\n <div class=\"kicker\">Process index<\/div>\r\n <h2>Eighteen process steps, band by band<\/h2>\r\n <p>The selector above answers one question \u2014 what series does this temperature need. This index answers the other: which process steps actually sit in each band, across both industries. Filter by band, or read the whole list.<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <div class=\"chips\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Filter processes by temperature band\">\r\n <button class=\"chip\" data-band=\"all\" aria-pressed=\"true\">All processes<\/button>\r\n <button class=\"chip\" data-band=\"1\" aria-pressed=\"false\">\u2264 60 \u00b0C<\/button>\r\n <button class=\"chip\" data-band=\"2\" aria-pressed=\"false\">61\u201380 \u00b0C<\/button>\r\n <button class=\"chip\" data-band=\"3\" aria-pressed=\"false\">81\u201395 \u00b0C<\/button>\r\n <button class=\"chip\" data-band=\"4\" aria-pressed=\"false\">96\u2013110 \u00b0C<\/button>\r\n <button class=\"chip\" data-band=\"5\" aria-pressed=\"false\">111\u2013130 \u00b0C<\/button>\r\n <button class=\"chip\" data-band=\"6\" aria-pressed=\"false\">131\u2013150 \u00b0C<\/button>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <div class=\"pf-grid\" id=\"pfGrid\">\r\n <div class=\"pfind-item\" data-band=\"1\">\r\n <div class=\"pf-top\"><b>Slurry mixing & storage<\/b><span class=\"pill p-ind\">Battery<\/span><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"pf-row\"><span class=\"k\">Temp<\/span><span class=\"pf-temp\">20\u201335 \u00b0C<\/span><span class=\"v\">\u00b7 chilled water, tight control<\/span><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"pf-row\"><span class=\"k\">Series<\/span><span class=\"v\">MT-W2W, simultaneous chilled water<\/span><\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <div class=\"pfind-item\" data-band=\"3\">\r\n <div class=\"pf-top\"><b>Anode coating drying (water-based)<\/b><span class=\"pill p-ind\">Battery<\/span><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"pf-row\"><span class=\"k\">Temp<\/span><span class=\"pf-temp\">75\u2013110 \u00b0C<\/span><span class=\"v\">\u00b7 hot air through oven coil<\/span><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"pf-row\"><span class=\"k\">Series<\/span><span class=\"v\">HT-A2W \u00b7 HT-W2S<\/span><\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <div class=\"pfind-item\" data-band=\"5\">\r\n <div class=\"pf-top\"><b>Cathode coating drying (NMP)<\/b><span class=\"pill p-ind\">Battery<\/span><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"pf-row\"><span class=\"k\">Temp<\/span><span class=\"pf-temp\">85\u2013130 \u00b0C<\/span><span class=\"v\">\u00b7 6\u20137 zones, exhaust 70\u2013105 \u00b0C<\/span><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"pf-row\"><span class=\"k\">Series<\/span><span class=\"v\">HT-A2W \u00b7 HT-W2S<\/span><\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <div class=\"pfind-item\" data-band=\"4\">\r\n <div class=\"pf-top\"><b>Calendering roll heating<\/b><span class=\"pill p-ind\">Battery<\/span><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"pf-row\"><span class=\"k\">Temp<\/span><span class=\"pf-temp\">80\u2013120 \u00b0C<\/span><span class=\"v\">\u00b7 hot water or hot oil circuit<\/span><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"pf-row\"><span class=\"k\">Series<\/span><span class=\"v\">HT-A2W via heat exchanger<\/span><\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <div class=\"pfind-item\" data-band=\"4\">\r\n <div class=\"pf-top\"><b>Vacuum bake \/ cell drying<\/b><span class=\"pill p-ind\">Battery<\/span><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"pf-row\"><span class=\"k\">Temp<\/span><span class=\"pf-temp\">85\u2013120 \u00b0C<\/span><span class=\"v\">\u00b7 hot water jacket, 8\u201324 h cycles<\/span><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"pf-row\"><span class=\"k\">Series<\/span><span class=\"v\">MT-W2W \u00b7 HT-A2W<\/span><\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <div class=\"pfind-item\" data-band=\"5\">\r\n <div class=\"pf-top\"><b>NMP recovery reboiler<\/b><span class=\"pill p-ind\">Battery<\/span><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"pf-row\"><span class=\"k\">Temp<\/span><span class=\"pf-temp\">100\u2013130 \u00b0C<\/span><span class=\"v\">\u00b7 low-pressure steam<\/span><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"pf-row\"><span class=\"k\">Series<\/span><span class=\"v\">HT-W2S \u00b7 HT-A2S<\/span><\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <div class=\"pfind-item\" data-band=\"6\">\r\n <div class=\"pf-top\"><b>Dry-room desiccant regeneration<\/b><span class=\"pill p-ind\">Battery<\/span><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"pf-row\"><span class=\"k\">Temp<\/span><span class=\"pf-temp\">120\u2013140 \u00b0C<\/span><span class=\"v\">\u00b7 regeneration air, \u221240 \u00b0C dew point<\/span><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"pf-row\"><span class=\"k\">Series<\/span><span class=\"v\">HT-W2S \u00b7 HT-A2W<\/span><\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <div class=\"pfind-item\" data-band=\"1\">\r\n <div class=\"pf-top\"><b>Formation & ageing chambers<\/b><span class=\"pill p-ind\">Battery<\/span><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"pf-row\"><span class=\"k\">Temp<\/span><span class=\"pf-temp\">25\u201345 \u00b0C<\/span><span class=\"v\">\u00b7 cooling-dominated, heat rejected<\/span><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"pf-row\"><span class=\"k\">Series<\/span><span class=\"v\">MT-W2W recovering chamber heat<\/span><\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <div class=\"pfind-item\" data-band=\"2\">\r\n <div class=\"pf-top\"><b>Module & pack adhesive curing<\/b><span class=\"pill p-ind\">Battery<\/span><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"pf-row\"><span class=\"k\">Temp<\/span><span class=\"pf-temp\">60\u201380 \u00b0C<\/span><span class=\"v\">\u00b7 hot air, low velocity<\/span><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"pf-row\"><span class=\"k\">Series<\/span><span class=\"v\">MT-A2A \u00b7 MT-A2W<\/span><\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"pfind-item\" data-band=\"6\">\r\n <div class=\"pf-top\"><b>SPM \/ photoresist strip bath<\/b><span class=\"pill p-ind\">Semiconductor<\/span><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"pf-row\"><span class=\"k\">Temp<\/span><span class=\"pf-temp\">120\u2013150 \u00b0C<\/span><span class=\"v\">\u00b7 hot water or steam, isolated loop<\/span><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"pf-row\"><span class=\"k\">Series<\/span><span class=\"v\">HT-W2S \u00b7 HT-A2W<\/span><\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <div class=\"pfind-item\" data-band=\"2\">\r\n <div class=\"pf-top\"><b>SC-1 (APM) particle removal<\/b><span class=\"pill p-ind\">Semiconductor<\/span><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"pf-row\"><span class=\"k\">Temp<\/span><span class=\"pf-temp\">65\u201380 \u00b0C<\/span><span class=\"v\">\u00b7 hot water via double-wall exchanger<\/span><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"pf-row\"><span class=\"k\">Series<\/span><span class=\"v\">MT-A2W \u00b7 MT-W2W<\/span><\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <div class=\"pfind-item\" data-band=\"3\">\r\n <div class=\"pf-top\"><b>SC-2 (HPM) metal removal<\/b><span class=\"pill p-ind\">Semiconductor<\/span><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"pf-row\"><span class=\"k\">Temp<\/span><span class=\"pf-temp\">65\u201385 \u00b0C<\/span><span class=\"v\">\u00b7 hot water, corrosion-resistant wetted parts<\/span><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"pf-row\"><span class=\"k\">Series<\/span><span class=\"v\">MT-W2W \u00b7 HT-A2W<\/span><\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <div class=\"pfind-item\" data-band=\"3\">\r\n <div class=\"pf-top\"><b>Hot DI \/ UPW rinse<\/b><span class=\"pill p-ind\">Semiconductor<\/span><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"pf-row\"><span class=\"k\">Temp<\/span><span class=\"pf-temp\">60\u201390 \u00b0C<\/span><span class=\"v\">\u00b7 hot ultrapure water loop<\/span><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"pf-row\"><span class=\"k\">Series<\/span><span class=\"v\">MT-W2W \u00b7 HT-A2W<\/span><\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <div class=\"pfind-item\" data-band=\"4\">\r\n <div class=\"pf-top\"><b>IPA vapour drying<\/b><span class=\"pill p-ind\">Semiconductor<\/span><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"pf-row\"><span class=\"k\">Temp<\/span><span class=\"pf-temp\">80\u2013100 \u00b0C<\/span><span class=\"v\">\u00b7 hot water or hot nitrogen<\/span><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"pf-row\"><span class=\"k\">Series<\/span><span class=\"v\">MT-W2W \u00b7 HT-A2W<\/span><\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <div class=\"pfind-item\" data-band=\"2\">\r\n <div class=\"pf-top\"><b>Post-CMP clean<\/b><span class=\"pill p-ind\">Semiconductor<\/span><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"pf-row\"><span class=\"k\">Temp<\/span><span class=\"pf-temp\">60\u201380 \u00b0C<\/span><span class=\"v\">\u00b7 hot water, slurry preheat<\/span><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"pf-row\"><span class=\"k\">Series<\/span><span class=\"v\">MT-A2W \u00b7 MT-W2W<\/span><\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <div class=\"pfind-item\" data-band=\"1\">\r\n <div class=\"pf-top\"><b>Plating & electroplating baths<\/b><span class=\"pill p-ind\">Semiconductor<\/span><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"pf-row\"><span class=\"k\">Temp<\/span><span class=\"pf-temp\">40\u201360 \u00b0C<\/span><span class=\"v\">\u00b7 hot water + simultaneous cooling<\/span><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"pf-row\"><span class=\"k\">Series<\/span><span class=\"v\">MT-W2W, heating and cooling<\/span><\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <div class=\"pfind-item\" data-band=\"1\">\r\n <div class=\"pf-top\"><b>Cleanroom make-up air reheat<\/b><span class=\"pill p-ind\">Semiconductor<\/span><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"pf-row\"><span class=\"k\">Temp<\/span><span class=\"pf-temp\">18\u201325 \u00b0C<\/span><span class=\"v\">\u00b7 large air volume, small \u0394T<\/span><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"pf-row\"><span class=\"k\">Series<\/span><span class=\"v\">MT-W2W from chiller condensers<\/span><\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <div class=\"pfind-item\" data-band=\"1\">\r\n <div class=\"pf-top\"><b>Sub-fab chiller condenser loop<\/b><span class=\"pill p-ind\">Semiconductor<\/span><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"pf-row\"><span class=\"k\">Source<\/span><span class=\"pf-temp\">30\u201340 \u00b0C<\/span><span class=\"v\">\u00b7 lifted to 80\u201390 \u00b0C hot water<\/span><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"pf-row\"><span class=\"k\">Series<\/span><span class=\"v\">MT-W2W \u00b7 HT-A2W<\/span><\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <div class=\"pf-sum\" id=\"pfSum\" aria-live=\"polite\">Showing 18 processes across both industries.<\/div>\r\n <\/section>\r\n\r\n <h2 id=\"battery\">Lithium battery manufacturing<\/h2>\r\n <p>Cell production is a drying business with a coating problem attached. Moisture and solvent have to leave the electrode at a controlled rate; later, moisture has to be kept out of the cell entirely. Both jobs are heat jobs, and both are usually served by gas burners whose exhaust is then thrown away.<\/p>\r\n\r\n <figure>\r\n <div class=\"figbox\">\r\n <svg viewBox=\"0 0 1160 300\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Lithium battery cell production chain with heat demand at each step\">\r\n <defs>\r\n <marker id=\"fa\" markerWidth=\"9\" markerHeight=\"9\" refX=\"7\" refY=\"3.5\" orient=\"auto\"><path d=\"M0 0 L0 7 L8 3.5 z\" fill=\"#4A3236\"\/><\/marker>\r\n <marker id=\"faa\" markerWidth=\"9\" markerHeight=\"9\" refX=\"7\" refY=\"3.5\" orient=\"auto\"><path d=\"M0 0 L0 7 L8 3.5 z\" fill=\"#E60012\"\/><\/marker>\r\n <\/defs>\r\n <rect x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"1160\" height=\"300\" fill=\"#FFFFFF\"\/>\r\n <g>\r\n <rect class=\"fg-box\" x=\"24\" y=\"96\" width=\"128\" height=\"58\" rx=\"6\"\/>\r\n <text class=\"fg-t\" x=\"88\" y=\"120\" text-anchor=\"middle\">Mixing<\/text>\r\n <text class=\"fg-s\" x=\"88\" y=\"138\" text-anchor=\"middle\">20\u201335 \u00b0C \u00b7 cool<\/text>\r\n\r\n <rect class=\"fg-box-a\" x=\"184\" y=\"88\" width=\"150\" height=\"74\" rx=\"6\"\/>\r\n <text class=\"fg-t\" x=\"259\" y=\"114\" text-anchor=\"middle\">Coating & drying<\/text>\r\n <text class=\"fg-s\" x=\"259\" y=\"132\" text-anchor=\"middle\">85\u2013130 \u00b0C air<\/text>\r\n <text class=\"fg-al\" x=\"259\" y=\"150\" text-anchor=\"middle\">exhaust 70\u2013105 \u00b0C<\/text>\r\n\r\n <rect class=\"fg-box\" x=\"366\" y=\"96\" width=\"128\" height=\"58\" rx=\"6\"\/>\r\n <text class=\"fg-t\" x=\"430\" y=\"120\" text-anchor=\"middle\">Calendering<\/text>\r\n <text class=\"fg-s\" x=\"430\" y=\"138\" text-anchor=\"middle\">80\u2013120 \u00b0C roll<\/text>\r\n\r\n <rect class=\"fg-box\" x=\"526\" y=\"96\" width=\"128\" height=\"58\" rx=\"6\"\/>\r\n <text class=\"fg-t\" x=\"590\" y=\"120\" text-anchor=\"middle\">Slitting<\/text>\r\n <text class=\"fg-s\" x=\"590\" y=\"138\" text-anchor=\"middle\">dry air, RH < 1%<\/text>\r\n\r\n <rect class=\"fg-box-a\" x=\"686\" y=\"88\" width=\"150\" height=\"74\" rx=\"6\"\/>\r\n <text class=\"fg-t\" x=\"761\" y=\"114\" text-anchor=\"middle\">Dry room assembly<\/text>\r\n <text class=\"fg-s\" x=\"761\" y=\"132\" text-anchor=\"middle\">\u221240 \u00b0C dew point<\/text>\r\n <text class=\"fg-al\" x=\"761\" y=\"150\" text-anchor=\"middle\">regen 120\u2013140 \u00b0C<\/text>\r\n\r\n <rect class=\"fg-box-a\" x=\"868\" y=\"88\" width=\"140\" height=\"74\" rx=\"6\"\/>\r\n <text class=\"fg-t\" x=\"938\" y=\"114\" text-anchor=\"middle\">Vacuum bake<\/text>\r\n <text class=\"fg-s\" x=\"938\" y=\"132\" text-anchor=\"middle\">85\u2013120 \u00b0C jacket<\/text>\r\n <text class=\"fg-al\" x=\"938\" y=\"150\" text-anchor=\"middle\">8\u201324 h cycle<\/text>\r\n\r\n <rect class=\"fg-box\" x=\"1040\" y=\"96\" width=\"96\" height=\"58\" rx=\"6\"\/>\r\n <text class=\"fg-t\" x=\"1088\" y=\"120\" text-anchor=\"middle\">Formation<\/text>\r\n <text class=\"fg-s\" x=\"1088\" y=\"138\" text-anchor=\"middle\">25\u201345 \u00b0C<\/text>\r\n <\/g>\r\n <g class=\"fg-arrow\">\r\n <line x1=\"152\" y1=\"125\" x2=\"180\" y2=\"125\"\/>\r\n <line x1=\"334\" y1=\"125\" x2=\"362\" y2=\"125\"\/>\r\n <line x1=\"494\" y1=\"125\" x2=\"522\" y2=\"125\"\/>\r\n <line x1=\"654\" y1=\"125\" x2=\"682\" y2=\"125\"\/>\r\n <line x1=\"836\" y1=\"125\" x2=\"864\" y2=\"125\"\/>\r\n <line x1=\"1008\" y1=\"125\" x2=\"1036\" y2=\"125\"\/>\r\n <\/g>\r\n <text class=\"fg-s\" x=\"24\" y=\"40\">Heat demand follows the electrode from slurry to sealed cell \u2014 and so does the waste heat<\/text>\r\n <line class=\"fg-line\" x1=\"24\" y1=\"56\" x2=\"1136\" y2=\"56\"\/>\r\n <g>\r\n <line class=\"fg-line\" x1=\"259\" y1=\"170\" x2=\"259\" y2=\"200\"\/>\r\n <line class=\"fg-line\" x1=\"761\" y1=\"170\" x2=\"761\" y2=\"200\"\/>\r\n <line class=\"fg-line\" x1=\"938\" y1=\"170\" x2=\"938\" y2=\"200\"\/>\r\n <rect x=\"150\" y=\"200\" width=\"858\" height=\"66\" rx=\"6\" fill=\"#FDEAEC\" stroke=\"#E60012\" stroke-width=\"1.2\"\/>\r\n <text class=\"fg-t\" x=\"579\" y=\"226\" text-anchor=\"middle\">Recover the exhaust, not the ambient air<\/text>\r\n <text class=\"fg-s\" x=\"579\" y=\"246\" text-anchor=\"middle\">70\u2013105 \u00b0C oven exhaust and 30\u201340 \u00b0C utility water are the heat sources that make the COP work<\/text>\r\n <\/g>\r\n <\/svg>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <figcaption><b>Figure 1.<\/b> The five thermal steps that dominate cell manufacturing. Red boxes mark the two steps where drying quality directly sets yield \u2014 coating and dry-room assembly.<\/figcaption>\r\n <\/figure>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"tbl-wrap\">\r\n <table>\r\n <caption>Battery process heat map. Temperatures are typical operating windows for Li-ion cell production; actual setpoints follow the chemistry, binder system and line speed.<\/caption>\r\n <thead>\r\n <tr><th>Process step<\/th><th>Working temp.<\/th><th>Heat form<\/th><th>Series<\/th><th>Why it matters<\/th><\/tr>\r\n <\/thead>\r\n <tbody>\r\n <tr><td><strong>Cathode coating drying<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"num\">85\u2013130 \u00b0C<\/td><td>Hot air, 6\u20137 zones<\/td><td class=\"num\"><a class=\"plink\" href=\"https:\/\/hetapro.com\/products\/ht-a2w-135c-hot-water-piston-heat-pump\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">HT-A2W<\/a> \u00b7 <a class=\"plink\" href=\"https:\/\/hetapro.com\/products\/ht-w2s-150c-steam-heat-pump\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">HT-W2S<\/a><\/td><td>NMP evaporates here; zone temperature sets adhesion and residue<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td><strong>Anode coating drying<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"num\">75\u2013110 \u00b0C<\/td><td>Hot air<\/td><td class=\"num\"><a class=\"plink\" href=\"https:\/\/hetapro.com\/products\/ht-a2w-135c-hot-water-piston-heat-pump\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">HT-A2W<\/a><\/td><td>Water-based slurry, higher air volume, lower temperature<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td><strong>Calendering<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"num\">80\u2013120 \u00b0C<\/td><td>Hot water \/ hot oil roll<\/td><td class=\"num\"><a class=\"plink\" href=\"https:\/\/hetapro.com\/products\/ht-a2w-135c-hot-water-piston-heat-pump\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">HT-A2W<\/a><\/td><td>Roll temperature sets electrode density uniformity<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td><strong>Dry-room regeneration<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"num\">120\u2013140 \u00b0C<\/td><td>Regeneration air<\/td><td class=\"num\"><a class=\"plink\" href=\"https:\/\/hetapro.com\/products\/ht-w2s-150c-steam-heat-pump\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">HT-W2S<\/a> \u00b7 <a class=\"plink\" href=\"https:\/\/hetapro.com\/products\/ht-a2w-135c-hot-water-piston-heat-pump\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">HT-A2W<\/a><\/td><td>Holds \u221240 \u00b0C dew point at 20\u201325 \u00b0C; 30\u201340% of dry-room energy<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td><strong>Vacuum bake<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"num\">85\u2013120 \u00b0C<\/td><td>Hot water jacket<\/td><td class=\"num\"><a class=\"plink\" href=\"https:\/\/hetapro.com\/products\/mt-w2w-95c-hot-water-screw-heat-pump\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">MT-W2W<\/a> \u00b7 <a class=\"plink\" href=\"https:\/\/hetapro.com\/products\/ht-a2w-135c-hot-water-piston-heat-pump\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">HT-A2W<\/a><\/td><td>8\u201324 h cycles; moisture left here becomes HF later<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td><strong>NMP recovery<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"num\">100\u2013130 \u00b0C<\/td><td>Low-pressure steam<\/td><td class=\"num\"><a class=\"plink\" href=\"https:\/\/hetapro.com\/products\/ht-w2s-150c-steam-heat-pump\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">HT-W2S<\/a> \u00b7 <a class=\"plink\" href=\"https:\/\/hetapro.com\/products\/ht-a2s-150c-steam-heat-pump\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">HT-A2S<\/a><\/td><td>Distillation reboiler duty; NMP boils at 202 \u00b0C at ambient pressure<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td><strong>Formation & ageing<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"num\">25\u201345 \u00b0C<\/td><td>Cooling + trim heat<\/td><td class=\"num\"><a class=\"plink\" href=\"https:\/\/hetapro.com\/products\/mt-w2w-95c-hot-water-screw-heat-pump\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">MT-W2W<\/a><\/td><td>Chambers reject heat continuously \u2014 a free source for the loops above<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td><strong>Electrolyte filling<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"num\">18\u201325 \u00b0C, \u2264 \u221240 \u00b0C DP<\/td><td>Dry air<\/td><td class=\"num\">Dry-room system<\/td><td>Electrolyte is moisture-critical; no direct heat pump contact<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <\/tbody>\r\n <\/table>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <h3>Coating drying and NMP: the biggest single load<\/h3>\r\n <p>Electrode drying is usually described as an oven problem, but it is really an energy-recovery problem. Cathode lines hold 85\u2013130 \u00b0C across six or seven zones and exhaust 70\u2013105 \u00b0C air saturated with NMP. That exhaust is hot enough to be a heat source and dirty enough that most plants simply vent it to the recovery unit and then to atmosphere.<\/p>\r\n <p>The architecture that works is a bypass, not a rebuild. Exhaust is drawn off after particulate filtration, passes through the heat pump evaporator, and returns as 85\u2013130 \u00b0C supply air to the oven. The oven's internal ducting, zone control logic and original burner stay exactly where they are \u2014 the heat pump becomes the base-load heat source and the burner becomes backup, switching in on demand or on fault.<\/p>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"cards c2\">\r\n <div class=\"card\">\r\n <h4>What the numbers look like<\/h4>\r\n <p>NMP boils at <strong>202 \u00b0C<\/strong> with a latent heat around <strong>540 kJ\/kg<\/strong>. Cathode drying typically runs 85\u2013130 \u00b0C; anode (water-based) runs 75\u2013110 \u00b0C. Exhaust leaves at 70\u2013105 \u00b0C. Industry estimates put coating and drying at roughly half to two-thirds of a cell plant's energy demand \u2014 which is why this single loop decides the plant's energy bill.<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <div class=\"card\">\r\n <h4>Why recovering exhaust beats air-source<\/h4>\r\n <p>An air-source unit lifting ambient air to 120 \u00b0C works hard for every degree. A unit lifting 90 \u00b0C exhaust to 120 \u00b0C works across a much smaller span, so the same compressor delivers far more heat. Cascade systems lifting 50\u201370 \u00b0C waste heat to 120\u2013150 \u00b0C typically land at <strong>COP 2.5\u20133.5<\/strong>; air-source units at 80\u201395 \u00b0C reach <strong>3.5\u20134.8<\/strong> on vendor data. Treat both as indicative, not guaranteed.<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"note warn\">\r\n <b class=\"lbl\">Safety boundary \u2014 NMP exhaust<\/b>\r\n NMP vapour is flammable and its exhaust stream carries solvent aerosol and electrode dust. A standard heat pump is not acceptable here. The exhaust path needs <strong>ATEX \/ IECEx-rated<\/strong> components, particulate filtration upstream of the coil, continuous LEL monitoring and interlocks that trip the unit on high concentration. Where the zone classification cannot be resolved, the correct design is an <strong>indirect water loop<\/strong>: exhaust heats water, water heats the heat pump, and the refrigerant never sees solvent.\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <h3>Dry rooms: the load nobody budgets for<\/h3>\r\n <p>A lithium dry room is not air-conditioning. It holds <strong>\u221240 \u00b0C dew point<\/strong>, 20\u201325 \u00b0C and below 1% relative humidity, because a few milligrams of moisture in a sealed cell will generate hydrofluoric acid and end the cell's life. Refrigeration alone cannot reach that dew point \u2014 desiccant wheels do, and wheels are regenerated with hot air.<\/p>\r\n <p>Conventional wheels need <strong>120\u2013140 \u00b0C<\/strong> regeneration air. That is squarely inside HETAPRO's range: HT-W2S produces 110\u2013150 \u00b0C steam, HT-A2W produces 135 \u00b0C hot water for a regeneration coil. Mid-temperature wheels, now used in volume production, regenerate at <strong>70\u201390 \u00b0C<\/strong> \u2014 low enough for MT-W2W hot water and low enough to use recovered chiller heat instead of a dedicated heater.<\/p>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"tbl-wrap\">\r\n <table>\r\n <caption>Dry-room regeneration options. Wheel technology decides which heat source you need \u2014 check this before sizing the heat pump.<\/caption>\r\n <thead><tr><th>Wheel type<\/th><th>Regeneration temp.<\/th><th>Best heat source<\/th><th>Trade-off<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\r\n <tbody>\r\n <tr><td>Conventional silica gel \/ molecular sieve<\/td><td class=\"num\">120\u2013140 \u00b0C<\/td><td>HT-W2S steam \u00b7 HT-A2W 135 \u00b0C water<\/td><td>Proven at \u221240 to \u221260 \u00b0C; higher-grade heat, lower COP<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td>Mid-temperature regeneration wheel<\/td><td class=\"num\">70\u201390 \u00b0C<\/td><td>MT-W2W water \u00b7 recovered chiller heat<\/td><td>Higher COP and cheaper heat, but needs wheel selection from the start<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td>Two-stage wheel train<\/td><td class=\"num\">80\u2013110 \u00b0C \/ 90\u2013135 \u00b0C<\/td><td>HT-A2W + MT-W2W combination<\/td><td>Reaches \u221250 to \u221260 \u00b0C for electrolyte and formation areas<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <\/tbody>\r\n <\/table>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <h3>Vacuum bake and calendering: the quiet loads<\/h3>\r\n <p>Vacuum bake runs 85\u2013120 \u00b0C for 8\u201324 hours per cycle, often across dozens of chambers, and it is a pure hot-water jacket load \u2014 no air, no steam, no complexity. Calendering is the same story at 80\u2013120 \u00b0C on the roll. Neither is glamorous, both run continuously, and both are trivially served by 95 \u00b0C or 135 \u00b0C hot water from a unit that is already recovering heat elsewhere in the plant.<\/p>\r\n\r\n <h2 id=\"semiconductor\">Semiconductor wafer processing<\/h2>\r\n <p>A fab's thermal problem is the mirror image of a battery plant's. The process temperatures are lower \u2014 mostly 60\u2013150 \u00b0C \u2014 but the purity requirements are extreme, the uptime requirement is absolute, and the waste heat is enormous and continuous. A fab that gets its hot water from a gas boiler while its chillers reject 30\u201340 \u00b0C water to cooling towers is burning money in both directions at once.<\/p>\r\n\r\n <figure>\r\n <div class=\"figbox\">\r\n <svg viewBox=\"0 0 1160 460\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Semiconductor fab heat recovery loop: chillers reject 30 to 40 degree water, heat pump lifts it to 80 to 90 degree hot water for wet benches, ultrapure water and cleanroom reheat\">\r\n <defs>\r\n <marker id=\"fa2\" markerWidth=\"9\" markerHeight=\"9\" refX=\"7\" refY=\"3.5\" orient=\"auto\"><path d=\"M0 0 L0 7 L8 3.5 z\" fill=\"#4A3236\"\/><\/marker>\r\n <marker id=\"faa2\" markerWidth=\"9\" markerHeight=\"9\" refX=\"7\" refY=\"3.5\" orient=\"auto\"><path d=\"M0 0 L0 7 L8 3.5 z\" fill=\"#E60012\"\/><\/marker>\r\n <\/defs>\r\n <rect width=\"1160\" height=\"460\" fill=\"#FFFFFF\"\/>\r\n\r\n <rect class=\"fg-box\" x=\"30\" y=\"72\" width=\"240\" height=\"120\" rx=\"8\"\/>\r\n <text class=\"fg-tb\" x=\"150\" y=\"100\" text-anchor=\"middle\">Sub-fab chillers<\/text>\r\n <text class=\"fg-s\" x=\"150\" y=\"122\" text-anchor=\"middle\">Process cooling, 5\u201312 \u00b0C supply<\/text>\r\n <text class=\"fg-a\" x=\"150\" y=\"148\" text-anchor=\"middle\">Condenser water 30\u201340 \u00b0C<\/text>\r\n <text class=\"fg-s\" x=\"150\" y=\"170\" text-anchor=\"middle\">Rejected to towers today<\/text>\r\n\r\n <rect class=\"fg-box\" x=\"30\" y=\"268\" width=\"240\" height=\"120\" rx=\"8\"\/>\r\n <text class=\"fg-tb\" x=\"150\" y=\"296\" text-anchor=\"middle\">Wet bench effluent<\/text>\r\n <text class=\"fg-s\" x=\"150\" y=\"318\" text-anchor=\"middle\">Overflow and rinse water<\/text>\r\n <text class=\"fg-a\" x=\"150\" y=\"344\" text-anchor=\"middle\">25\u201340 \u00b0C<\/text>\r\n <text class=\"fg-s\" x=\"150\" y=\"366\" text-anchor=\"middle\">Continuous, 24\/7<\/text>\r\n\r\n <rect x=\"350\" y=\"140\" width=\"250\" height=\"190\" rx=\"10\" fill=\"#170A0C\"\/>\r\n <text class=\"fg-tw\" x=\"475\" y=\"172\" text-anchor=\"middle\">HETAPRO heat pump<\/text>\r\n <text class=\"fg-sw\" x=\"475\" y=\"196\" text-anchor=\"middle\">MT-W2W \/ HT-A2W<\/text>\r\n <line x1=\"380\" y1=\"212\" x2=\"570\" y2=\"212\" stroke=\"#4A3236\"\/>\r\n <text class=\"fg-sw\" x=\"475\" y=\"236\" text-anchor=\"middle\">Evaporator \u2190 30\u201340 \u00b0C<\/text>\r\n <text class=\"fg-sw\" x=\"475\" y=\"258\" text-anchor=\"middle\">Condenser \u2192 80\u201390 \u00b0C<\/text>\r\n <text class=\"fg-sw\" x=\"475\" y=\"286\" text-anchor=\"middle\">Simultaneous chilled water<\/text>\r\n <text class=\"fg-sw\" x=\"475\" y=\"308\" text-anchor=\"middle\">5\u201312 \u00b0C, cooling side<\/text>\r\n\r\n <rect class=\"fg-box-a\" x=\"690\" y=\"72\" width=\"220\" height=\"100\" rx=\"8\"\/>\r\n <text class=\"fg-t\" x=\"800\" y=\"98\" text-anchor=\"middle\">SC-1 \/ SC-2 baths<\/text>\r\n <text class=\"fg-s\" x=\"800\" y=\"118\" text-anchor=\"middle\">65\u201385 \u00b0C hot water<\/text>\r\n <text class=\"fg-al\" x=\"800\" y=\"140\" text-anchor=\"middle\">\u00b11 \u00b0C bath stability<\/text>\r\n\r\n <rect class=\"fg-box-a\" x=\"690\" y=\"192\" width=\"220\" height=\"100\" rx=\"8\"\/>\r\n <text class=\"fg-t\" x=\"800\" y=\"218\" text-anchor=\"middle\">Hot UPW \/ DI rinse<\/text>\r\n <text class=\"fg-s\" x=\"800\" y=\"238\" text-anchor=\"middle\">60\u201390 \u00b0C, isolated loop<\/text>\r\n <text class=\"fg-al\" x=\"800\" y=\"260\" text-anchor=\"middle\">316L EP \/ PFA wetted<\/text>\r\n\r\n <rect class=\"fg-box-a\" x=\"690\" y=\"312\" width=\"220\" height=\"100\" rx=\"8\"\/>\r\n <text class=\"fg-t\" x=\"800\" y=\"338\" text-anchor=\"middle\">Cleanroom MAU reheat<\/text>\r\n <text class=\"fg-s\" x=\"800\" y=\"358\" text-anchor=\"middle\">18\u201325 \u00b0C after dehumidification<\/text>\r\n <text class=\"fg-al\" x=\"800\" y=\"380\" text-anchor=\"middle\">large volume, small \u0394T<\/text>\r\n\r\n <g class=\"fg-arrow\">\r\n <path d=\"M270 132 H318 V205 H346\" style=\"marker-end:url(#fa2)\"\/>\r\n <path d=\"M270 328 H318 V265 H346\" style=\"marker-end:url(#fa2)\"\/>\r\n <\/g>\r\n <g class=\"fg-arrow-a\">\r\n <path d=\"M600 200 H640 V122 H686\" style=\"marker-end:url(#faa2)\"\/>\r\n <path d=\"M600 240 H686\" style=\"marker-end:url(#faa2)\"\/>\r\n <path d=\"M600 285 H640 V362 H686\" style=\"marker-end:url(#faa2)\"\/>\r\n <\/g>\r\n <text class=\"fg-s\" x=\"30\" y=\"26\">One loop, two useful outputs: hot water where the process needs it, chilled water where the chillers used to make it twice<\/text>\r\n <line class=\"fg-line\" x1=\"30\" y1=\"38\" x2=\"1130\" y2=\"38\"\/>\r\n <text class=\"fg-s\" x=\"30\" y=\"440\">SPM at 120\u2013150 \u00b0C sits outside this loop: it is served separately by HT-W2S steam through a quartz or PFA bath.<\/text>\r\n <\/svg>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <figcaption><b>Figure 2.<\/b> The fab heat-recovery loop. Most of the heat a fab needs below 100 \u00b0C is already inside the building, rejected by the chillers that keep the process cool.<\/figcaption>\r\n <\/figure>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"tbl-wrap\">\r\n <table>\r\n <caption>Wafer wet-process heat map. SPM is the only routine step that needs steam; everything else sits in hot-water territory.<\/caption>\r\n <thead><tr><th>Process<\/th><th>Working temp.<\/th><th>Heat form<\/th><th>Series<\/th><th>Constraint<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\r\n <tbody>\r\n <tr><td><strong>SPM \/ piranha strip<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"num\">120\u2013150 \u00b0C<\/td><td>Steam or 135 \u00b0C water via HX<\/td><td class=\"num\"><a class=\"plink\" href=\"https:\/\/hetapro.com\/products\/ht-w2s-150c-steam-heat-pump\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">HT-W2S<\/a> \u00b7 <a class=\"plink\" href=\"https:\/\/hetapro.com\/products\/ht-a2w-135c-hot-water-piston-heat-pump\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">HT-A2W<\/a><\/td><td>Quartz \/ PFA bath, no metal contact<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td><strong>SC-1 (APM)<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"num\">65\u201380 \u00b0C<\/td><td>Hot water, double-wall HX<\/td><td class=\"num\"><a class=\"plink\" href=\"https:\/\/hetapro.com\/products\/mt-a2w-95c-hot-water-scroll-heat-pump\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">MT-A2W<\/a> \u00b7 <a class=\"plink\" href=\"https:\/\/hetapro.com\/products\/mt-w2w-95c-hot-water-screw-heat-pump\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">MT-W2W<\/a><\/td><td>Ammonia chemistry, venting<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td><strong>SC-2 (HPM)<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"num\">65\u201385 \u00b0C<\/td><td>Hot water<\/td><td class=\"num\"><a class=\"plink\" href=\"https:\/\/hetapro.com\/products\/mt-w2w-95c-hot-water-screw-heat-pump\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">MT-W2W<\/a> \u00b7 <a class=\"plink\" href=\"https:\/\/hetapro.com\/products\/ht-a2w-135c-hot-water-piston-heat-pump\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">HT-A2W<\/a><\/td><td>HCl chemistry, corrosion allowance<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td><strong>Hot DI \/ UPW rinse<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"num\">60\u201390 \u00b0C<\/td><td>Hot UPW loop<\/td><td class=\"num\"><a class=\"plink\" href=\"https:\/\/hetapro.com\/products\/mt-w2w-95c-hot-water-screw-heat-pump\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">MT-W2W<\/a><\/td><td>No copper or brass wetted parts<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td><strong>IPA vapour drying<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"num\">80\u2013100 \u00b0C<\/td><td>Hot water \/ hot N\u2082<\/td><td class=\"num\"><a class=\"plink\" href=\"https:\/\/hetapro.com\/products\/mt-w2w-95c-hot-water-screw-heat-pump\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">MT-W2W<\/a> \u00b7 <a class=\"plink\" href=\"https:\/\/hetapro.com\/products\/ht-a2w-135c-hot-water-piston-heat-pump\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">HT-A2W<\/a><\/td><td>Solvent zone, Ex rating<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td><strong>Post-CMP clean<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"num\">60\u201380 \u00b0C<\/td><td>Hot water<\/td><td class=\"num\"><a class=\"plink\" href=\"https:\/\/hetapro.com\/products\/mt-a2w-95c-hot-water-scroll-heat-pump\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">MT-A2W<\/a><\/td><td>Slurry preheat also possible<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td><strong>Plating baths<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"num\">40\u201360 \u00b0C<\/td><td>Hot water + cooling<\/td><td class=\"num\"><a class=\"plink\" href=\"https:\/\/hetapro.com\/products\/mt-w2w-95c-hot-water-screw-heat-pump\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">MT-W2W<\/a><\/td><td>Simultaneous cold for rectifier cooling<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td><strong>Cleanroom MAU reheat<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"num\">18\u201325 \u00b0C<\/td><td>Hot water coil<\/td><td class=\"num\"><a class=\"plink\" href=\"https:\/\/hetapro.com\/products\/mt-w2w-95c-hot-water-screw-heat-pump\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">MT-W2W<\/a><\/td><td>Huge air volume, tiny \u0394T \u2014 recovery essential<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <\/tbody>\r\n <\/table>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <h3>Purity is the real engineering problem<\/h3>\r\n <p>Nobody in a fab cares that a heat pump can reach 90 \u00b0C. They care whether it can reach 90 \u00b0C <strong>without putting a single metal ion into the water<\/strong>. That constraint reshapes the whole system: the refrigerant circuit stays entirely outside the process, heat crosses a double-wall exchanger with a monitored intermediate loop, and every wetted surface is 316L stainless (EP where required), high-purity PFA or quartz-compatible material.<\/p>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"note\">\r\n <b class=\"lbl\">Non-negotiable design rules for fabs<\/b>\r\n <strong>1.<\/strong> No copper, brass or aluminium wetted parts anywhere in the hot water loop. <strong>2.<\/strong> Double-wall heat exchanger with leak detection on the intermediate circuit \u2014 a refrigerant leak must never be able to reach UPW. <strong>3.<\/strong> Hot UPW returned through PFA or 316L EP piping with no stagnant branches. <strong>4.<\/strong> Unit placed outside the cleanroom envelope (sub-fab or roof), with vibration isolation and drip containment. <strong>5.<\/strong> N+1 redundancy on any loop feeding a wet bench \u2014 a heat pump trip must not stop a bath mid-process.\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <h3>The heat recovery prize: chillers that heat the fab<\/h3>\r\n <p>Semiconductor fabs run chillers year-round to hold process cooling at 5\u201312 \u00b0C, and reject the condenser heat at 30\u201340 \u00b0C. At the same time they buy heat to hold baths at 65\u201385 \u00b0C, hot UPW at 60\u201390 \u00b0C and cleanroom make-up air at 18\u201325 \u00b0C. That is a heat pump's ideal case: a warm, constant source and a nearby sink, with a lift of only 40\u201350 K.<\/p>\r\n <p>Because the unit cools as it heats, the chilled water it produces can go back to the process cooling loop. System COPs of <strong>4\u20136<\/strong> are realistic for this configuration because you are effectively paid twice \u2014 once for the heat delivered, once for the chiller load avoided. It is the single highest-value heat pump project available in most fabs, and it is usually blocked not by thermodynamics but by the fact that the chiller plant and the hot water plant are owned by two different teams.<\/p>\r\n\r\n <h2>Beyond the two flagships<\/h2>\r\n <p>The same process physics appears across new energy and electronics manufacturing. None of these needs a different product family \u2014 they need a different load calculation.<\/p>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"cards c4\">\r\n <div class=\"card\"><h4>PV cell wet processing<\/h4><p>Texturing and cleaning baths at 70\u201385 \u00b0C, hot DI rinse and emitter-wash steps. High volume, continuous, and a natural fit for 95 \u00b0C hot water.<\/p><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"card\"><h4>ESS pack & module testing<\/h4><p>Thermal chambers cycling 25\u201345 \u00b0C reject heat continuously; recovered condenser heat can preheat the next chamber or the plant's hot water.<\/p><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"card\"><h4>Composite & blade curing<\/h4><p>Mould and oven heating at 40\u201390 \u00b0C for resin cure, with post-cure above 120 \u00b0C where the heat pump hands over to electric.<\/p><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"card\"><h4>PCB & display wet lines<\/h4><p>Desmear at 70\u201380 \u00b0C, plating baths at 40\u201360 \u00b0C, hot-air knife drying at 70\u201385 \u00b0C \u2014 low temperature, high uptime, fast payback.<\/p><\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"pshell\" id=\"products\">\r\n <div class=\"pshell-head\">\r\n <div class=\"kicker\">Product match<\/div>\r\n <h2>Six series, matched to process step<\/h2>\r\n <p>Battery drying and wafer wet processing use four of the six families. The two steam units matter more here than in any other industry we serve, because dry-room regeneration and SPM stripping both need heat above 110 \u00b0C. <strong>The cards outlined in red follow the temperature band currently selected in the selector above<\/strong> \u2014 change the slider and the recommendation changes with it.<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <div class=\"pshell-body\">\r\n <div class=\"pgrid\" id=\"pGrid\">\r\n <div class=\"pcard\" data-series=\"1,2,3\">\r\n <div class=\"pcard-top\"><div class=\"pmodel\"><a class=\"plink\" href=\"https:\/\/hetapro.com\/products\/mt-a2w-95c-hot-water-scroll-heat-pump\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">MT-A2W<\/a><\/div><div class=\"ptag\">95 \u00b0C hot water \u00b7 air source<\/div><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"pimg\"><a href=\"https:\/\/hetapro.com\/products\/mt-a2w-95c-hot-water-scroll-heat-pump\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img src=\"https:\/\/hetapro.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/1-mt-a2w.webp\" alt=\"MT-A2W air source 95\u00b0C hot water scroll heat pump unit\" width=\"1000\" height=\"1000\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"><\/a><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"pcard-body\">\r\n <p>SC-1\/SC-2 baths, post-CMP clean, general hot water where no waste heat source is available.<\/p>\r\n <div class=\"pspecs\">\r\n <div class=\"pspec\"><b>95 \u00b0C<\/b><span>Max. water<\/span><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"pspec\"><b>350 kW<\/b><span>Typical output<\/span><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"pspec\"><b>Scroll<\/b><span>Compressor<\/span><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"pspec\"><b>Air<\/b><span>Heat source<\/span><\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <a class=\"pmore\" href=\"https:\/\/hetapro.com\/products\/mt-a2w-95c-hot-water-scroll-heat-pump\/\">MT-A2W product page \u2192<\/a>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"pcard\" data-series=\"1,2,3\">\r\n <div class=\"pcard-top\"><div class=\"pmodel\"><a class=\"plink\" href=\"https:\/\/hetapro.com\/products\/mt-w2w-95c-hot-water-screw-heat-pump\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">MT-W2W<\/a><\/div><div class=\"ptag\">95 \u00b0C hot water \u00b7 water source<\/div><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"pimg\"><a href=\"https:\/\/hetapro.com\/products\/mt-w2w-95c-hot-water-screw-heat-pump\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img src=\"https:\/\/hetapro.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/2-mt-w2w.webp\" alt=\"MT-W2W water source 95\u00b0C hot water screw heat pump unit\" width=\"1000\" height=\"1000\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"><\/a><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"pcard-body\">\r\n <p>The workhorse for fab heat recovery and battery vacuum bake: chiller condensers and wet-bench effluent become the heat source.<\/p>\r\n <div class=\"pspecs\">\r\n <div class=\"pspec\"><b>95 \u00b0C<\/b><span>Max. water<\/span><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"pspec\"><b>1,500 kW<\/b><span>Typical output<\/span><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"pspec\"><b>Screw + VFD<\/b><span>Compressor<\/span><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"pspec\"><b>Water<\/b><span>Heat source<\/span><\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <a class=\"pmore\" href=\"https:\/\/hetapro.com\/products\/mt-w2w-95c-hot-water-screw-heat-pump\/\">MT-W2W product page \u2192<\/a>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"pcard\" data-series=\"3,4,5\">\r\n <div class=\"pcard-top\"><div class=\"pmodel\"><a class=\"plink\" href=\"https:\/\/hetapro.com\/products\/ht-a2w-135c-hot-water-piston-heat-pump\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">HT-A2W<\/a><\/div><div class=\"ptag\">135 \u00b0C hot water \u00b7 air source<\/div><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"pimg\"><a href=\"https:\/\/hetapro.com\/products\/ht-a2w-135c-hot-water-piston-heat-pump\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img src=\"https:\/\/hetapro.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/3-ht-a2w.webp\" alt=\"HT-A2W air source 135\u00b0C hot water piston heat pump unit\" width=\"1000\" height=\"1000\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"><\/a><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"pcard-body\">\r\n <p>Coating oven coils at 120\u2013130 \u00b0C, calendering rolls, vacuum bake, dry-room regeneration coils.<\/p>\r\n <div class=\"pspecs\">\r\n <div class=\"pspec\"><b>135 \u00b0C<\/b><span>Max. water<\/span><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"pspec\"><b>220 kW<\/b><span>Typical output<\/span><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"pspec\"><b>Piston<\/b><span>Compressor<\/span><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"pspec\"><b>Air<\/b><span>Heat source<\/span><\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <a class=\"pmore\" href=\"https:\/\/hetapro.com\/products\/ht-a2w-135c-hot-water-piston-heat-pump\/\">HT-A2W product page \u2192<\/a>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"pcard\" data-series=\"3,4,5,6\">\r\n <div class=\"pcard-top\"><div class=\"pmodel\"><a class=\"plink\" href=\"https:\/\/hetapro.com\/products\/ht-w2s-150c-steam-heat-pump\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">HT-W2S<\/a><\/div><div class=\"ptag\">110\u2013150 \u00b0C steam \u00b7 water source<\/div><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"pimg\"><a href=\"https:\/\/hetapro.com\/products\/ht-w2s-150c-steam-heat-pump\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img src=\"https:\/\/hetapro.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/4.ht-w2s.webp\" alt=\"HT-W2S water source 150\u00b0C steam heat pump unit\" width=\"1000\" height=\"1000\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"><\/a><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"pcard-body\">\r\n <p>SPM baths, NMP recovery reboilers and conventional dry-room regeneration where 120\u2013140 \u00b0C air is required.<\/p>\r\n <div class=\"pspecs\">\r\n <div class=\"pspec\"><b>150 \u00b0C<\/b><span>Steam<\/span><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"pspec\"><b>110\u2013150 \u00b0C<\/b><span>Range<\/span><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"pspec\"><b>Screw<\/b><span>Compressor<\/span><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"pspec\"><b>Water<\/b><span>Heat source<\/span><\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <a class=\"pmore\" href=\"https:\/\/hetapro.com\/products\/ht-w2s-150c-steam-heat-pump\/\">HT-W2S product page \u2192<\/a>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"pcard\" data-series=\"5,6\">\r\n <div class=\"pcard-top\"><div class=\"pmodel\"><a class=\"plink\" href=\"https:\/\/hetapro.com\/products\/ht-a2s-150c-steam-heat-pump\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">HT-A2S<\/a><\/div><div class=\"ptag\">110\u2013150 \u00b0C steam \u00b7 air source<\/div><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"pimg\"><a href=\"https:\/\/hetapro.com\/products\/ht-a2s-150c-steam-heat-pump\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img src=\"https:\/\/hetapro.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/5.ht-a2s.webp\" alt=\"HT-A2S air source 150\u00b0C steam heat pump unit\" width=\"1000\" height=\"1000\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"><\/a><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"pcard-body\">\r\n <p>Where no water-side waste heat exists but steam is still needed \u2014 retrofits with only oven exhaust available.<\/p>\r\n <div class=\"pspecs\">\r\n <div class=\"pspec\"><b>150 \u00b0C<\/b><span>Steam<\/span><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"pspec\"><b>110\u2013150 \u00b0C<\/b><span>Range<\/span><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"pspec\"><b>Piston<\/b><span>Compressor<\/span><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"pspec\"><b>Air<\/b><span>Heat source<\/span><\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <a class=\"pmore\" href=\"https:\/\/hetapro.com\/products\/ht-a2s-150c-steam-heat-pump\/\">HT-A2S product page \u2192<\/a>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"pcard\" data-series=\"1,2\">\r\n <div class=\"pcard-top\"><div class=\"pmodel\"><a class=\"plink\" href=\"https:\/\/hetapro.com\/products\/mt-a2a-85c-air-source-direct-heating-inverter-hot-air-heat-pump-dryer\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">MT-A2A<\/a><\/div><div class=\"ptag\">30\u201385 \u00b0C hot air \u00b7 inverter dryer<\/div><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"pimg\"><a href=\"https:\/\/hetapro.com\/products\/mt-a2a-85c-air-source-direct-heating-inverter-hot-air-heat-pump-dryer\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img src=\"https:\/\/hetapro.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/6.mt-a2a.webp\" alt=\"MT-A2A air source inverter hot air heat pump dryer\" width=\"1000\" height=\"1000\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"><\/a><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"pcard-body\">\r\n <p>Adhesive curing, low-temperature module drying and component bake-out below 85 \u00b0C. Not for electrode ovens \u2014 those need 120 \u00b0C+.<\/p>\r\n <div class=\"pspecs\">\r\n <div class=\"pspec\"><b>30\u201385 \u00b0C<\/b><span>Air<\/span><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"pspec\"><b>Direct<\/b><span>Heating<\/span><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"pspec\"><b>Inverter<\/b><span>Compressor<\/span><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"pspec\"><b>Air<\/b><span>Heat source<\/span><\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <a class=\"pmore\" href=\"https:\/\/hetapro.com\/products\/mt-a2a-85c-air-source-direct-heating-inverter-hot-air-heat-pump-dryer\/\">MT-A2A product page \u2192<\/a>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n \r\n<section class=\"calc\" id=\"tco\">\r\n <div class=\"calc-head\">\r\n <div class=\"kicker\">Total cost of ownership<\/div>\r\n <h3>Ten years of heat, priced on your site<\/h3>\r\n <p>Energy price alone does not decide a project \u2014 capital, load and running hours do. Set seven numbers and the panel prices both options over ten years, including the capital the boiler option does not need. Screening tool, not a quotation. Every monetary figure stays in whatever currency you enter.<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <div class=\"calc-body\">\r\n <div class=\"calc-in\">\r\n <div class=\"fld\">\r\n <label for=\"fuelPrice\">Fuel price per kWh of fuel input <b id=\"fuelPriceV\">0.050<\/b><\/label>\r\n <input type=\"range\" id=\"fuelPrice\" min=\"0.010\" max=\"0.160\" step=\"0.002\" value=\"0.050\">\r\n <div class=\"hint\">Delivered fuel cost divided by its heating value. Typical industrial band 0.02\u20130.10.<\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <div class=\"fld\">\r\n <label for=\"elecPrice\">Electricity price per kWh <b id=\"elecPriceV\">0.120<\/b><\/label>\r\n <input type=\"range\" id=\"elecPrice\" min=\"0.03\" max=\"0.45\" step=\"0.005\" value=\"0.120\">\r\n <div class=\"hint\">All-in industrial tariff, with demand charges spread across the kWh.<\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <div class=\"fld\">\r\n <label for=\"boilerEff\">Boiler efficiency <b id=\"boilerEffV\">82 %<\/b><\/label>\r\n <input type=\"range\" id=\"boilerEff\" min=\"55\" max=\"96\" step=\"1\" value=\"82\">\r\n <div class=\"hint\">Well-maintained gas boiler 80\u201385%; aged plant 70\u201378%; condensing 90%+.<\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <div class=\"fld\">\r\n <label for=\"copSel\">COP at your duty point <b id=\"copSelV\">3.4<\/b><\/label>\r\n <input type=\"range\" id=\"copSel\" min=\"1.5\" max=\"5.4\" step=\"0.1\" value=\"3.4\">\r\n <div class=\"hint\">Synced to the selector above. Override it the moment a supplier gives you a guaranteed figure at your duty point.<\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <div class=\"fld\">\r\n <label for=\"loadKw\">Average heat load <b id=\"loadKwV\">800 kW<\/b><\/label>\r\n <input type=\"range\" id=\"loadKw\" min=\"100\" max=\"5000\" step=\"50\" value=\"800\">\r\n <div class=\"hint\">Average, not peak. The peak sizes the machine; the average sizes the saving.<\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <div class=\"fld\">\r\n <label for=\"runHours\">Annual operating hours <b id=\"runHoursV\">6,000 h<\/b><\/label>\r\n <input type=\"range\" id=\"runHours\" min=\"1000\" max=\"8760\" step=\"100\" value=\"6000\">\r\n <div class=\"hint\">Coating lines and dry rooms often run 7,000\u20138,000 h. Pilot lines and R&D fabs run far fewer \u2014 and that is what kills those projects.<\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <div class=\"fld\">\r\n <label for=\"capexKw\">Installed cost per kW of heat <b id=\"capexKwV\">450<\/b><\/label>\r\n <input type=\"range\" id=\"capexKw\" min=\"150\" max=\"1200\" step=\"10\" value=\"450\">\r\n <div class=\"hint\">Complete system: unit, buffer, hydraulics, controls, installation. Fab integration with UPW isolation runs higher.<\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <div class=\"calc-out\">\r\n <div class=\"res hero\">\r\n <span class=\"k\">Ten-year cost, heat pump vs boiler<\/span>\r\n <span class=\"v\" id=\"resTco\">\u2014<\/span>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <div class=\"res\"><span class=\"k\">Boiler \u2014 cost per kWh of heat<\/span><span class=\"v\" id=\"resBoiler\">\u2014<\/span><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"res\"><span class=\"k\">Heat pump \u2014 cost per kWh of heat<\/span><span class=\"v\" id=\"resHp\">\u2014<\/span><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"res\"><span class=\"k\">Break-even COP at your prices<\/span><span class=\"v\" id=\"resBreakeven\">\u2014<\/span><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"res\"><span class=\"k\">Annual heat delivered<\/span><span class=\"v\" id=\"resHeat\">\u2014<\/span><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"res\"><span class=\"k\">Annual energy-cost saving<\/span><span class=\"v\" id=\"resSaving\">\u2014<\/span><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"res\"><span class=\"k\">Simple payback on installed cost<\/span><span class=\"v\" id=\"resPayback\">\u2014<\/span><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"bars\">\r\n <div class=\"bar-row\">\r\n <div class=\"bar-lab\"><span>Boiler \u00b7 10 years of energy<\/span><b id=\"barBoilerV\">\u2014<\/b><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"bar-track\"><div class=\"bar-fill b-boiler\" id=\"barBoiler\" style=\"width:0%\"><\/div><\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <div class=\"bar-row\">\r\n <div class=\"bar-lab\"><span>Heat pump \u00b7 10 years incl. capital<\/span><b id=\"barHpV\">\u2014<\/b><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"bar-track\"><div class=\"bar-fill b-hp\" id=\"barHp\" style=\"width:0%\"><\/div><\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <div class=\"verdict\" id=\"tcoVerdict\">\u2014<\/div>\r\n <p class=\"calc-foot\">All monetary outputs are in whatever currency you enter. This is a screening estimate, not a quotation \u2014 the exclusions are listed directly below.<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n<\/section>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"note deep\">\r\n <b class=\"lbl\">What this TCO includes \u2014 and what it deliberately leaves out<\/b>\r\n <p style=\"margin:0\"><strong>Included:<\/strong> the installed cost of the heat pump system and ten years of energy cost for both options at constant prices. <strong>Excluded, and all of it favours the heat pump:<\/strong> avoided boiler servicing and burner maintenance, NOx permit and stack testing, fuel storage and handling, carbon price or Scope 1 reporting cost, any grant or tax credit, and the value of the chilled water produced when the unit runs as a heat recovery chiller. <strong>Excluded, and this works against it:<\/strong> electrical capacity upgrades, structural or footprint works, and production downtime during tie-in. The three formulas are the same ones used on our textile and food pages: <span style=\"font-family:ui-monospace,monospace\">boiler heat cost = fuel \u00f7 efficiency<\/span>, <span style=\"font-family:ui-monospace,monospace\">heat pump heat cost = electricity \u00f7 COP<\/span>, <span style=\"font-family:ui-monospace,monospace\">break-even COP = electricity \u00f7 boiler heat cost<\/span>.<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<h2 id=\"limits\">Where a heat pump stops \u2014 and what to do instead<\/h2>\r\n <p>An application page without limits is a brochure. These are the four boundaries we hit in every new energy and electronics project, stated before you ask.<\/p>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"tbl-wrap\">\r\n <table>\r\n <caption>The honest boundaries. None of these is a product weakness; they are thermodynamic or contamination facts.<\/caption>\r\n <thead><tr><th>Boundary<\/th><th>Why<\/th><th>Correct solution<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\r\n <tbody>\r\n <tr><td><strong>Diffusion, oxidation, LPCVD, PECVD, epitaxy<\/strong><\/td><td>800\u20131,200 \u00b0C process temperatures \u2014 two orders of magnitude beyond any heat pump<\/td><td>Electric furnaces and RF heating; heat pump serves only the utility loop around them<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td><strong>Direct steam injection into process chemistry<\/strong><\/td><td>Would introduce contaminants into SPM, SC-1 or UPW; defeats the entire purity chain<\/td><td>Never. Isolated secondary loop with double-wall exchanger only<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td><strong>Flammable solvent exhaust (NMP)<\/strong><\/td><td>Standard units are not Ex-rated; a spark in the exhaust path is unacceptable<\/td><td>ATEX-rated equipment plus LEL monitoring, or an indirect water loop<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td><strong>Ovens needing >150 \u00b0C at high velocity<\/strong><\/td><td>Above 150 \u00b0C the cascade loses its advantage; some high-speed lines need 160\u2013180 \u00b0C air<\/td><td>Hybrid: heat pump to 150 \u00b0C, electric trim heater for the last 10\u201330 K<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td><strong>Processes with very low annual hours<\/strong><\/td><td>Capital recovery depends on running hours; pilot lines and R&D fabs rarely justify it<\/td><td>Start with the utility loop (hot water\/UPW) and expand as utilisation rises<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <\/tbody>\r\n <\/table>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <h2>Standards and compliance<\/h2>\r\n <p>Equipment entering a battery plant or a fab is audited against a specific set of rules. These are the ones that come up in every project review.<\/p>\r\n <div class=\"cards c2\">\r\n <div class=\"card\">\r\n <h4>Semiconductor environment<\/h4>\r\n <p><strong>SEMI S2<\/strong> environmental, health and safety for production equipment; <strong>SEMI F47<\/strong> voltage-sag ride-through; <strong>SEMI F57<\/strong> high-purity polymer piping where PFA is used; <strong>ISO 14644-1<\/strong> cleanroom classification for the installation envelope; <strong>NFPA 70 \/ UL 508A<\/strong> for control panels.<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <div class=\"card\">\r\n <h4>Battery plant & solvent zones<\/h4>\r\n <p><strong>ATEX \/ IECEx<\/strong> for NMP-bearing exhaust and solvent areas; <strong>IATF 16949<\/strong> quality system expectations from automotive customers; <strong>GB 51377<\/strong> lithium battery plant design code for Chinese projects; <strong>EN 378 \/ F-Gas 517\/2014<\/strong> for refrigerant selection and leak management.<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <h2>What we need to size your system<\/h2>\r\n <p>No site visit is needed for a first-pass answer. Five numbers get you an indicative design, a COP range and a payback estimate.<\/p>\r\n\r\n <ol class=\"steps\">\r\n <li><h4>Process temperature levels<\/h4><p>Supply and return temperature for each loop \u2014 for example \"oven supply 125 \u00b0C, return 95 \u00b0C\" or \"bath 80 \u00b0C, return 70 \u00b0C\".<\/p><\/li>\r\n <li><h4>Heat load and load profile<\/h4><p>Peak kW plus annual operating hours, and whether the load is continuous (dry room, UPW) or batch (vacuum bake, SPM).<\/p><\/li>\r\n <li><h4>Available waste heat<\/h4><p>Source type, temperature and flow: oven exhaust at 70\u2013105 \u00b0C, chiller condenser water at 30\u201340 \u00b0C, wet-bench effluent at 25\u201340 \u00b0C.<\/p><\/li>\r\n <li><h4>Current cost of heat<\/h4><p>Fuel type, price per unit, boiler efficiency, and the electricity tariff including demand charges and time-of-use structure.<\/p><\/li>\r\n <li><h4>Site constraints<\/h4><p>Available footprint (roof, sub-fab, utility yard), noise limits, redundancy requirement, and whether the area is classified.<\/p><\/li>\r\n <\/ol>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"formula\">\r\n <b>Recoverable heat from an air stream<\/b><br>\r\n Q (kW) \u2248 0.335 \u00d7 V (m\u00b3\/h) \u00d7 \u0394T (K) \/ 1000<br>\r\n <span style=\"color:#CDB4B7\">Example: 20,000 m\u00b3\/h of oven exhaust cooled from 95 \u00b0C to 45 \u00b0C \u2192 0.335 \u00d7 20,000 \u00d7 50 \/ 1000 \u2248 335 kW of recovered heat, before the compressor lift is added.<\/span>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"note\">\r\n <b class=\"lbl\">What this page does not claim<\/b>\r\n COP and payback figures on this page are indicative ranges drawn from published system data and our own project experience \u2014 not guaranteed performance. Actual results depend on the lift temperature, hours of operation and local tariffs. We will put a specific number against your specific numbers, in writing, before you commit to anything.\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <h2>FAQ<\/h2>\r\n <div class=\"faq\">\r\n <details>\r\n <summary>Can a heat pump really supply 130 \u00b0C air for battery electrode drying?<\/summary>\r\n <div class=\"ans\">Yes, with the right series. Cathode coating lines typically run 85\u2013130 \u00b0C supply air and anode lines 75\u2013110 \u00b0C. <a class=\"plink\" href=\"https:\/\/hetapro.com\/products\/ht-a2w-135c-hot-water-piston-heat-pump\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">HT-A2W<\/a> delivers 135 \u00b0C hot water that heats the oven coil, and <a class=\"plink\" href=\"https:\/\/hetapro.com\/products\/ht-w2s-150c-steam-heat-pump\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">HT-W2S<\/a> delivers 110\u2013150 \u00b0C steam for lines originally designed around a steam coil. The heat source is normally the oven's own exhaust at 70\u2013105 \u00b0C, not ambient air \u2014 which is what keeps the COP high.<\/div>\r\n <\/details>\r\n <details>\r\n <summary>What dew point can you hold in a lithium battery dry room?<\/summary>\r\n <div class=\"ans\">Dry rooms for electrode and electrolyte areas are typically held at \u221240 \u00b0C dew point, 20\u201325 \u00b0C and below 1% RH. The heat pump does not dehumidify directly; it supplies the 120\u2013140 \u00b0C regeneration air for conventional desiccant wheels, or 80\u201390 \u00b0C hot water where mid-temperature regeneration wheels are used. Regeneration is usually 30\u201340% of the dry room's energy consumption, which is why the heat source matters more than the unit's nameplate COP.<\/div>\r\n <\/details>\r\n <details>\r\n <summary>Does the heat pump touch the chemicals or the ultrapure water?<\/summary>\r\n <div class=\"ans\">No. The refrigerant circuit never contacts process fluids. Heat crosses an isolated secondary loop and a double-wall heat exchanger, with wetted parts in 316L stainless steel, high-purity PFA or equivalent. In a fab this is a hard requirement: no copper or brass wetted surfaces, no path by which refrigerant could reach UPW, and leak detection on the intermediate loop.<\/div>\r\n <\/details>\r\n <details>\r\n <summary>What about the 800\u20131200 \u00b0C furnace steps in a wafer fab?<\/summary>\r\n <div class=\"ans\">Those stay electric. Diffusion, oxidation, LPCVD, PECVD and epitaxy run far above any heat pump's reach, and we do not pretend otherwise. The heat pump's territory is wet processing, hot UPW, bath heating, IPA drying, cleanroom reheat and heat recovery from the sub-fab chiller loop \u2014 which is where most of the low-grade energy in a fab is actually wasted.<\/div>\r\n <\/details>\r\n <details>\r\n <summary>Is NMP-laden exhaust safe for a heat pump?<\/summary>\r\n <div class=\"ans\">Only with an engineered approach. NMP exhaust passes through particulate filtration first; the heat exchanger and electrical equipment in the exhaust path must be rated for the solvent zone (ATEX \/ IECEx), with NMP concentration kept well below the lower explosive limit and monitored continuously. Where the zone classification cannot be met, an indirect water loop between exhaust and heat pump is the safer architecture.<\/div>\r\n <\/details>\r\n <details>\r\n <summary>How fast does a project pay back?<\/summary>\r\n <div class=\"ans\">Three numbers decide it: heat load, annual operating hours, and the gap between your current cost of heat and your electricity price. Coating lines and dry rooms run thousands of hours a year at high load, so they sit at the favourable end of the range. Send us the three numbers and we will return an indicative COP and payback range rather than a generic claim.<\/div>\r\n <\/details>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"cta\">\r\n <h2>Send us three numbers. Get a real answer.<\/h2>\r\n <p>Process temperature, annual heat demand, and what you pay for heat today. That is enough for an indicative COP, a recommended series and a payback range \u2014 with the boundaries stated, not hidden.<\/p>\r\n <p style=\"margin-top:22px\">\r\n <a class=\"btn btn-p\" href=\"https:\/\/hetapro.com\/contact\/\">Talk to our engineers<\/a>\r\n <a class=\"btn btn-outline\" style=\"margin-left:8px\" href=\"#finder\">Back to the process index<\/a>\r\n <\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <h2>Sources and basis<\/h2>\r\n <ul class=\"src\">\r\n <li>Coating drying windows (cathode 85\u2013130 \u00b0C, anode 75\u2013110 \u00b0C, exhaust 70\u2013105 \u00b0C): lithium battery plant environmental impact assessments and coating-line specifications published 2023\u20132025.<\/li>\r\n <li>NMP properties (boiling point 202 \u00b0C, latent heat \u2248540 kJ\/kg): solvent property data and NMP recovery system literature.<\/li>\r\n <li>Dry-room conditions (\u221240 \u00b0C dew point, 20\u201325 \u00b0C, <1% RH) and regeneration temperatures (120\u2013140 \u00b0C conventional, 70\u201390 \u00b0C mid-temperature wheels): desiccant dehumidifier specifications and published dry-room system data; mid-temperature regeneration performance reported by wheel manufacturers.<\/li>\r\n <li>SPM 120\u2013150 \u00b0C, SC-1 65\u201380 \u00b0C, SC-2 65\u201385 \u00b0C, hot DI 60\u201370 \u00b0C: wet-bench process standards and RCA clean literature (SIMIT, patent filings, university fab operating standards).<\/li>\r\n <li>Cleanroom 20\u201325 \u00b0C, \u00b10.5\u20131 \u00b0C control: semiconductor HVAC design references.<\/li>\r\n <li>COP ranges: published cascade and water-source heat pump system data for 120\u2013150 \u00b0C and 80\u201395 \u00b0C duty; treated as indicative, not guaranteed.<\/li>\r\n <\/ul>\r\n\r\n<\/main>\r\n\r\n<footer>\r\n <div class=\"wrap\">\r\n <p><strong style=\"color:var(--ink)\">HETAPRO<\/strong> \u2014 Industrial high-temperature heat pumps: hot water to 95\u2013135 \u00b0C, steam to 150 \u00b0C, drying air 30\u201385 \u00b0C.<\/p>\r\n <p>\r\n <a href=\"https:\/\/hetapro.com\/industrial_high_temperature_heat_pumps_solution_for_textiles\/\">Textile solutions<\/a> \u00b7\r\n <a href=\"https:\/\/hetapro.com\/industrial-high-temperature-heat-pumps-solutions-for-food-and-beverage-industry\/\">Food & beverage solutions<\/a> \u00b7\r\n <a href=\"https:\/\/hetapro.com\/contact\/\">Contact<\/a>\r\n <\/p>\r\n <p>\u00a9 2026 HETAPRO. Specifications subject to change. Figures on this page are engineering guidance, not contractual performance data.<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n<\/footer>\r\n\r\n<script>\r\n(function(){\r\n var chips = Array.prototype.slice.call(document.querySelectorAll('.chip'));\r\n var items = Array.prototype.slice.call(document.querySelectorAll('.pfind-item'));\r\n var sum = document.getElementById('pfSum');\r\n var active = 'all';\r\n\r\n function apply(){\r\n var shown = 0;\r\n items.forEach(function(el){\r\n var ok = (active === 'all') || (el.getAttribute('data-band') === active);\r\n if (ok) { el.removeAttribute('hidden'); shown++; }\r\n else { el.setAttribute('hidden',''); }\r\n });\r\n chips.forEach(function(c){\r\n c.setAttribute('aria-pressed', String(c.getAttribute('data-band') === active));\r\n });\r\n if (sum) {\r\n sum.textContent = (active === 'all')\r\n ? 'Showing ' + shown + ' processes across both industries.'\r\n : 'Showing ' + shown + ' process' + (shown === 1 ? '' : 'es') + ' in this temperature band.';\r\n }\r\n }\r\n\r\n chips.forEach(function(c){\r\n c.addEventListener('click', function(){\r\n active = c.getAttribute('data-band');\r\n apply();\r\n });\r\n });\r\n apply();\r\n})();\r\n<\/script>\r\n\r\n<script>\r\n(function(){\r\n \/* ---------- the six series ---------- *\/\r\n var SERIES = [\r\n {\r\n lo:30, hi:60, temp:\"30 \/ 60 \u00b0C\", name:\"Utility, cooling & heat recovery\",\r\n process:\"Chilled water, plating baths, cleanroom reheat, sub-fab condenser recovery\",\r\n desc:\"The base layer of the plant: chilled water for slurry mixing and formation chambers, hot water for plating baths and cleanroom reheat, and the sub-fab condenser loop that rejects 30\u201340 \u00b0C water every hour of the year. Here the machine delivers chilled water and hot water at the same time, so the chiller load it avoids is worth as much as the heat it supplies. Highest COP in the portfolio, shortest payback, and the natural first stage of any phased project.\",\r\n cop:\"4.6 \u2013 5.2\", duty:\"Hot + chilled water\", src:\"Chiller condenser 30\u201340 \u00b0C\", boiler:\"No\"\r\n },\r\n {\r\n lo:61, hi:80, temp:\"60 \/ 80 \u00b0C\", name:\"Low-temperature wet benches\",\r\n process:\"SC-1, SC-2, post-CMP clean, hot UPW, adhesive curing\",\r\n desc:\"The bulk of wafer wet processing sits here: SC-1 at 65\u201380 \u00b0C, SC-2 at 65\u201385 \u00b0C, post-CMP clean at 60\u201380 \u00b0C and hot ultrapure water at 60\u201390 \u00b0C. All of it is circulating hot water, none of it needs steam, and the lift from a 30\u201340 \u00b0C condenser loop is only 30\u201345 K. Purity is the constraint, not temperature: double-wall exchanger, 316L EP or PFA wetted parts, and a monitored intermediate loop so refrigerant can never reach the UPW.\",\r\n cop:\"3.9 \u2013 4.6\", duty:\"Hot water (UPW loop)\", src:\"Condenser water \/ wet-bench effluent\", boiler:\"No\"\r\n },\r\n {\r\n lo:81, hi:95, temp:\"80 \/ 95 \u00b0C\", name:\"Anode drying, IPA & calendering\",\r\n process:\"Anode coating 75\u2013110 \u00b0C, IPA vapour drying, calendering rolls\",\r\n desc:\"Anode coating lines running water-based slurry hold 75\u2013110 \u00b0C, with the first zones in this band; IPA vapour drying needs 80\u2013100 \u00b0C and calendering rolls 80\u2013120 \u00b0C. Heat arrives as hot water through an oven coil or a roll circuit, or as hot air where the line was built around a direct-fired heater. This is where a 95 \u00b0C water-source machine stops being a utility device and starts carrying process load \u2014 and where oven exhaust at 70\u2013105 \u00b0C becomes the heat source that makes the COP work.\",\r\n cop:\"3.4 \u2013 3.9\", duty:\"Hot water \/ hot air\", src:\"Oven exhaust 70\u2013105 \u00b0C\", boiler:\"Optional\"\r\n },\r\n {\r\n lo:96, hi:110, temp:\"95 \/ 110 \u00b0C\", name:\"Cathode drying & vacuum bake\",\r\n process:\"Cathode coating 85\u2013130 \u00b0C, vacuum bake 85\u2013120 \u00b0C, high-temperature hot water\",\r\n desc:\"Cathode lines running NMP slurry hold six or seven zones from 85 \u00b0C to 130 \u00b0C, and vacuum bake ovens hold 85\u2013120 \u00b0C for cycles of 8\u201324 hours. Above 95 \u00b0C a single-stage machine is working hard: the 135 \u00b0C hot water unit, or a steam unit feeding the oven coil, is the realistic choice, and the oven exhaust is what keeps the lift \u2014 and therefore the COP \u2014 inside a workable range. Buffer volume matters more here than on any other band, because vacuum bake is a batch load.\",\r\n cop:\"3.0 \u2013 3.4\", duty:\"Pressurised hot water\", src:\"Oven exhaust \/ vacuum pump cooling\", boiler:\"Optional \u2014 buffer advised\"\r\n },\r\n {\r\n lo:111, hi:130, temp:\"110 \/ 130 \u00b0C\", name:\"Solvent recovery & regeneration\",\r\n process:\"NMP reboiler 100\u2013130 \u00b0C, dry-room regeneration 120\u2013140 \u00b0C\",\r\n desc:\"Two duties define this band. NMP recovery reboilers need 100\u2013130 \u00b0C low-pressure steam, and desiccant dry rooms need 120\u2013140 \u00b0C regeneration air to hold a \u221240 \u00b0C dew point. Both are continuous, both are currently fed by steam, and together they are the largest heat load in a battery plant. COP falls to 2.5\u20133.0, so the project lives or dies on running hours \u2014 which is exactly what a 24\/7 dry room provides. Where mid-temperature wheels are specified, the same duty drops into the 80\u201395 \u00b0C band and the economics improve sharply.\",\r\n cop:\"2.5 \u2013 3.0\", duty:\"Steam 110\u2013130 \u00b0C\", src:\"Condensate \/ flash steam\", boiler:\"Retained as trim\"\r\n },\r\n {\r\n lo:131, hi:150, temp:\"130 \/ 150 \u00b0C\", name:\"SPM & high-temperature steam\",\r\n process:\"SPM \/ piranha strip 120\u2013150 \u00b0C, high-temperature regeneration\",\r\n desc:\"The top of the range, and the only routine wafer step that genuinely needs steam. SPM at 120\u2013150 \u00b0C is held in a quartz or PFA bath with no metal contact, so heat arrives through an isolated loop and never by direct injection. At this lift COP is 2.0\u20132.5, so the case rests on displaced steam cost and on the fact that the alternative \u2014 a gas-fired steam boiler inside a fab \u2014 carries a NOx, permitting and flue burden that a heat pump does not. Above 150 \u00b0C the machine stops; those duties stay electric.\",\r\n cop:\"2.0 \u2013 2.5\", duty:\"Saturated steam\", src:\"High-temperature waste heat \/ flue gas\", boiler:\"Retained\"\r\n }\r\n ];\r\n\r\n \/* indicative COP by delivery temperature, consistent with the figures quoted on this page *\/\r\n var CURVE = [\r\n {t:30,c:5.2},{t:60,c:4.5},{t:80,c:3.9},{t:95,c:3.4},\r\n {t:110,c:3.0},{t:130,c:2.5},{t:150,c:2.0}\r\n ];\r\n\r\n var slider = document.getElementById('tempSlider');\r\n var tVal = document.getElementById('tVal');\r\n var tSeries = document.getElementById('tSeries');\r\n var tProcess = document.getElementById('tProcess');\r\n var tDesc = document.getElementById('tDesc');\r\n var tCop = document.getElementById('tCop');\r\n var tDuty = document.getElementById('tDuty');\r\n var tSrc = document.getElementById('tSrc');\r\n var tBoiler = document.getElementById('tBoiler');\r\n var cardsBox = document.getElementById('tCards');\r\n\r\n function findSeries(t){\r\n for(var i=0;i<SERIES.length;i++){\r\n if(t >= SERIES[i].lo && t <= SERIES[i].hi) return SERIES[i];\r\n }\r\n return SERIES[SERIES.length-1];\r\n }\r\n\r\n function copAt(t){\r\n if(t <= CURVE[0].t) return CURVE[0].c;\r\n if(t >= CURVE[CURVE.length-1].t) return CURVE[CURVE.length-1].c;\r\n for(var i=1;i<CURVE.length;i++){\r\n if(t <= CURVE[i].t){\r\n var a=CURVE[i-1], b=CURVE[i];\r\n return a.c + (t-a.t)\/(b.t-a.t)*(b.c-a.c);\r\n }\r\n }\r\n return CURVE[CURVE.length-1].c;\r\n }\r\n\r\n \/* ---------- clickable series cards ---------- *\/\r\n var cardEls = [];\r\n SERIES.forEach(function(s, idx){\r\n var el = document.createElement('div');\r\n el.className = 'series';\r\n el.setAttribute('role','button');\r\n el.setAttribute('tabindex','0');\r\n el.innerHTML =\r\n '<div class=\"sn\">0'+(idx+1)+'<\/div>'+\r\n '<div class=\"st\">'+s.temp+'<\/div>'+\r\n '<div class=\"sl\">'+s.name+'<\/div>'+\r\n '<p>'+s.process+'<\/p>';\r\n function go(){\r\n slider.value = s.lo + Math.round((s.hi - s.lo)\/2);\r\n update();\r\n el.scrollIntoView({behavior:'smooth', block:'nearest'});\r\n }\r\n el.addEventListener('click', go);\r\n el.addEventListener('keydown', function(e){\r\n if(e.key==='Enter' || e.key===' '){ e.preventDefault(); go(); }\r\n });\r\n cardsBox.appendChild(el);\r\n cardEls.push(el);\r\n });\r\n\r\n \/* ---------- TCO inputs ---------- *\/\r\n var fuelEl = document.getElementById('fuelPrice'),\r\n elecEl = document.getElementById('elecPrice'),\r\n effEl = document.getElementById('boilerEff'),\r\n copEl = document.getElementById('copSel'),\r\n loadEl = document.getElementById('loadKw'),\r\n hrsEl = document.getElementById('runHours'),\r\n capEl = document.getElementById('capexKw');\r\n\r\n function money(v){\r\n if(v >= 1e6) return (v\/1e6).toFixed(2) + ' M';\r\n if(v >= 1e3) return (v\/1e3).toFixed(0) + ' k';\r\n return v.toFixed(0);\r\n }\r\n\r\n function update(){\r\n var t = parseInt(slider.value, 10);\r\n var s = findSeries(t);\r\n\r\n tVal.innerHTML = t + '<small>\u00b0C<\/small>';\r\n tSeries.textContent = s.name;\r\n tProcess.textContent = s.process + ' \u2014 ' + s.temp;\r\n tDesc.textContent = s.desc;\r\n tCop.textContent = s.cop;\r\n tDuty.textContent = s.duty;\r\n tSrc.textContent = s.src;\r\n tBoiler.textContent = s.boiler;\r\n\r\n slider.setAttribute('aria-valuetext', t + ' degrees Celsius, ' + s.name);\r\n\r\n cardEls.forEach(function(el, i){\r\n el.classList.toggle('active', SERIES[i] === s);\r\n });\r\n\r\n \/* highlight the machines that serve this band *\/\r\n var idx = SERIES.indexOf(s) + 1;\r\n var pCards = document.querySelectorAll('#pGrid .pcard');\r\n for (var i=0;i<pCards.length;i++){\r\n var list = (pCards[i].getAttribute('data-series')||'').split(',');\r\n pCards[i].classList.toggle('rec', list.indexOf(String(idx)) !== -1);\r\n }\r\n\r\n \/* keep the calculator's COP on the selected band *\/\r\n var c = copAt(t);\r\n copEl.value = c.toFixed(1);\r\n document.getElementById('copSelV').textContent = c.toFixed(1);\r\n calc();\r\n }\r\n\r\n \/* ---------- TCO model ---------- *\/\r\n function calc(){\r\n var fuel = parseFloat(fuelEl.value),\r\n elec = parseFloat(elecEl.value),\r\n eff = parseFloat(effEl.value)\/100,\r\n cop = parseFloat(copEl.value),\r\n load = parseFloat(loadEl.value),\r\n hrs = parseFloat(hrsEl.value),\r\n capKw = parseFloat(capEl.value);\r\n\r\n document.getElementById('fuelPriceV').textContent = fuel.toFixed(3);\r\n document.getElementById('elecPriceV').textContent = elec.toFixed(3);\r\n document.getElementById('boilerEffV').textContent = Math.round(eff*100) + ' %';\r\n document.getElementById('copSelV').textContent = cop.toFixed(1);\r\n document.getElementById('loadKwV').textContent = load.toLocaleString() + ' kW';\r\n document.getElementById('runHoursV').textContent = hrs.toLocaleString() + ' h';\r\n document.getElementById('capexKwV').textContent = capKw.toFixed(0);\r\n\r\n var boilerCost = fuel\/eff; \/* currency per kWh of heat *\/\r\n var hpCost = elec\/cop;\r\n var be = elec\/boilerCost; \/* break-even COP *\/\r\n var annualKwh = load*hrs; \/* kWh of heat per year *\/\r\n var annualSave = (boilerCost - hpCost) * annualKwh;\r\n var capex = load*capKw;\r\n var boiler10 = boilerCost * annualKwh * 10;\r\n var hp10 = capex + hpCost * annualKwh * 10;\r\n var diff = (hp10 - boiler10) \/ boiler10 * 100;\r\n var payback = annualSave > 0 ? capex\/annualSave : Infinity;\r\n\r\n document.getElementById('resBoiler').textContent = boilerCost.toFixed(3) + ' \/ kWh';\r\n document.getElementById('resHp').textContent = hpCost.toFixed(3) + ' \/ kWh';\r\n document.getElementById('resBreakeven').textContent = be.toFixed(2);\r\n document.getElementById('resHeat').textContent = (annualKwh\/1000).toLocaleString(undefined,{maximumFractionDigits:0}) + ' MWh';\r\n document.getElementById('resSaving').textContent = (annualSave>=0?'':'\u2212') + money(Math.abs(annualSave)) + ' \/ yr';\r\n var pbText = (!isFinite(payback) || payback > 99) ? 'beyond 99 years' : payback.toFixed(1) + ' years';\r\n document.getElementById('resPayback').textContent = pbText;\r\n\r\n var tv = document.getElementById('resTco');\r\n tv.textContent = (diff<=0?'\u2212':'+') + (Math.abs(diff) > 999 ? '999+' : Math.abs(diff).toFixed(0)) + '%';\r\n tv.className = 'v ' + (diff<=0 ? 'up' : 'dn');\r\n\r\n \/* ten-year bars *\/\r\n var max = Math.max(boiler10, hp10);\r\n document.getElementById('barBoiler').style.width = (boiler10\/max*100).toFixed(1) + '%';\r\n document.getElementById('barHp').style.width = (hp10\/max*100).toFixed(1) + '%';\r\n document.getElementById('barBoilerV').textContent = money(boiler10);\r\n document.getElementById('barHpV').textContent = money(hp10);\r\n\r\n var v = document.getElementById('tcoVerdict');\r\n if(hpCost >= boilerCost){\r\n v.className = 'verdict no';\r\n v.innerHTML = '<b>Not economic on energy cost.<\/b> At COP '+cop.toFixed(1)+' the heat pump costs '+\r\n Math.abs((hpCost\/boilerCost-1)*100).toFixed(0)+'% more per kWh of heat than the boiler, and you would need COP '+\r\n be.toFixed(2)+' to break even. Three levers, in order of effect: recover waste heat so the lift shrinks, lower the delivery temperature where the process allows, or improve boiler efficiency \u2014 a boiler running at 70% makes the heat pump look far better than one at 92%.';\r\n } else if(payback <= 3){\r\n var need = capex \/ ((boilerCost-hpCost) * load * 5);\r\n v.className = 'verdict ok';\r\n v.innerHTML = '<b>Clear case, capital included.<\/b> Ten-year cost is '+Math.abs(diff).toFixed(0)+\r\n '% lower and payback is '+payback.toFixed(1)+' years at '+hrs.toLocaleString()+' hours a year. '+\r\n (need <= 8760\r\n ? 'A five-year payback holds as long as you run at least '+Math.round(need).toLocaleString()+' hours a year \u2014 inside a two-shift operation.'\r\n : 'Note that a five-year payback would need '+Math.round(need).toLocaleString()+' hours a year, which is more than a continuous year: at this capital cost the case depends on running closer to 24\/7.');\r\n } else if(payback <= 6){\r\n v.className = 'verdict mid';\r\n v.innerHTML = '<b>Workable, but the capital dominates.<\/b> Payback is '+payback.toFixed(1)+\r\n ' years, which is a normal industrial project rather than a standout one. It becomes comfortable below five years with a grant or tax credit, a carbon price, a longer operating year, or a staged scope where the first machine serves only the highest-hour loop rather than the whole plant.';\r\n } else {\r\n v.className = 'verdict no';\r\n v.innerHTML = '<b>Not on these numbers.<\/b> Payback is '+pbText+\r\n '. Before abandoning it, check three things: are the operating hours real or nameplate, is the load an average or a peak, and does the capital include scope you do not need yet? A partial system serving one continuous loop often pays back twice as fast as a whole-plant design.';\r\n }\r\n }\r\n\r\n slider.addEventListener('input', update);\r\n [fuelEl, elecEl, effEl, copEl, loadEl, hrsEl, capEl].forEach(function(el){\r\n el.addEventListener('input', calc);\r\n });\r\n\r\n update();\r\n})();\r\n<\/script>\r\n\r\n<\/body>\r\n<\/html>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-45374e9 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"45374e9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-195c16b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"195c16b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Send us 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placeholder=\"Company\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-field-type-textarea elementor-field-group elementor-column elementor-field-group-message elementor-col-100 elementor-field-required elementor-mark-required\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<label for=\"form-field-message\" class=\"elementor-field-label\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tYour Message\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<textarea class=\"elementor-field-textual elementor-field elementor-size-sm\" name=\"form_fields[message]\" id=\"form-field-message\" rows=\"4\" placeholder=\"Message\" required=\"required\"><\/textarea>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-field-group elementor-column elementor-field-type-submit elementor-col-100 e-form__buttons\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"elementor-button elementor-size-sm\" type=\"submit\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Send<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/form>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-27882c8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"27882c8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Your information will be kept strictly confidential.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Heat Pumps for New Energy & Electronics | HETAPRO Applications \u00b7 New Energy & Electronics One degree decides the yield.We deliver that degree. Lithium battery drying, dry-room regeneration, wafer wet cleaning, hot ultrapure water \u2014 the heat that decides whether a cell or a wafer passes, produced at 30\u2013150 \u00b0C with no flame. HETAPRO heat […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_seopress_titles_title":"","_seopress_titles_desc":"","_seopress_robots_index":"","_seopress_robots_follow":"","_seopress_robots_imageindex":"","_seopress_robots_snippet":"","_seopress_robots_primary_cat":"","_seopress_robots_breadcrumbs":"","_seopress_robots_freeze_modified_date":"","_seopress_robots_custom_modified_date":"","_seopress_robots_canonical":"","_seopress_social_fb_title":"","_seopress_social_fb_desc":"","_seopress_social_fb_img":"","_seopress_social_fb_img_attachment_id":0,"_seopress_social_fb_img_width":0,"_seopress_social_fb_img_height":0,"_seopress_social_twitter_title":"","_seopress_social_twitter_desc":"","_seopress_social_twitter_img":"","_seopress_social_twitter_img_attachment_id":0,"_seopress_social_twitter_img_width":0,"_seopress_social_twitter_img_height":0,"_seopress_redirections_value":"","_seopress_redirections_enabled":"","_seopress_redirections_enabled_regex":"","_seopress_redirections_logged_status":"","_seopress_redirections_param":"","_seopress_redirections_type":0,"_seopress_analysis_target_kw":"","_seopress_news_disabled":"","_seopress_video_disabled":"","_seopress_video":[],"_seopress_pro_schemas_manual":[],"_seopress_pro_rich_snippets_disable_all":"","_seopress_pro_rich_snippets_disable":[],"_seopress_pro_schemas":[],"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-5396","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/hetapro.com\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/5396","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/hetapro.com\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/hetapro.com\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hetapro.com\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hetapro.com\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5396"}],"version-history":[{"count":15,"href":"https:\/\/hetapro.com\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/5396\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5443,"href":"https:\/\/hetapro.com\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/5396\/revisions\/5443"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/hetapro.com\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5396"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}

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\n\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nHeat Pumps for New Energy & Electronics | HETAPRO<\/title>\r\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Industrial heat pumps for lithium battery drying, dry rooms and wafer wet cleaning. 30-150\u00b0C process heat, interactive series selector and 10-year TCO calculator.\">\r\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/hetapro.com\/new-energy-electronics-heat-pump-solutions\/\">\r\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index,follow,max-image-preview:large\">\r\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"website\">\r\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\">\r\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"HETAPRO\">\r\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Heat Pumps for New Energy & Electronics | HETAPRO\">\r\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Battery coating drying, dry-room regeneration, wafer wet benches and hot UPW \u2014 30\u00b0C to 150\u00b0C process heat. Match the series to your temperature, then price ten years of heat against your boiler.\">\r\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/hetapro.com\/new-energy-electronics-heat-pump-solutions\/\">\r\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/hetapro.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/hero-bg-batery-semiconductor.webp\">\r\n<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/webp\">\r\n<meta property=\"og:image:alt\" content=\"Glowing semiconductor die on a circuit board, the manufacturing environment where 30 to 150 degree process heat decides cell and wafer yield\">\r\n<meta name=\"theme-color\" content=\"#170A0C\">\r\n<link rel=\"preload\" as=\"image\" href=\"https:\/\/hetapro.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/hero-bg-batery-semiconductor.webp\" type=\"image\/webp\" media=\"(min-width: 641px)\">\r\n<link rel=\"preconnect\" href=\"https:\/\/fonts.googleapis.com\">\r\n<link rel=\"preconnect\" href=\"https:\/\/fonts.gstatic.com\" crossorigin>\r\n<link href=\"https:\/\/fonts.googleapis.com\/css2?family=Inter:wght@400..700&display=swap\" rel=\"stylesheet\">\r\n<style>\r\n\r\n:root{\r\n --ink:#170A0C; 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Cathode coating lines typically run 85-130\u00b0C supply air and anode lines 75-110\u00b0C. HT-A2W delivers 135\u00b0C hot water that heats the oven coil, and HT-W2S delivers 110-150\u00b0C steam for lines originally designed around a steam coil. The heat source is normally the oven's own exhaust at 70-105\u00b0C, not ambient air, which is what keeps the COP high.\"}\r\n },\r\n {\r\n \"@type\": \"Question\",\r\n \"name\": \"What dew point can you hold in a lithium battery dry room?\",\r\n \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Dry rooms for electrode and electrolyte areas are typically held at -40\u00b0C dew point, 20-25\u00b0C and below 1% RH. The heat pump does not dehumidify directly; it supplies the 120-140\u00b0C regeneration air for conventional desiccant wheels, or 80-90\u00b0C hot water where mid-temperature regeneration wheels are used. Regeneration is usually 30-40% of the dry room's energy consumption, which is why the heat source matters.\"}\r\n },\r\n {\r\n \"@type\": \"Question\",\r\n \"name\": \"Does the heat pump touch the chemicals or the ultrapure water?\",\r\n \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"No. The refrigerant circuit never contacts process fluids. Heat is transferred through an isolated secondary loop and a double-wall heat exchanger, with wetted parts in 316L stainless steel, high-purity PFA or equivalent. This is a hard requirement in wafer fabs: no copper or brass wetted surfaces, no possibility of refrigerant crossing into ultrapure water, and leak detection on the intermediate loop.\"}\r\n },\r\n {\r\n \"@type\": \"Question\",\r\n \"name\": \"What about the 800-1200\u00b0C furnace steps in a wafer fab?\",\r\n \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Those stay electric. Diffusion, oxidation, LPCVD, PECVD and epitaxy run far above any heat pump's reach, and we do not pretend otherwise. The heat pump's territory is wet processing, hot ultrapure water, bath heating, IPA drying, cleanroom reheat and heat recovery from the sub-fab chiller loop - which is where most of the low-grade energy in a fab is actually wasted.\"}\r\n },\r\n {\r\n \"@type\": \"Question\",\r\n \"name\": \"Is NMP-laden exhaust safe for a heat pump?\",\r\n \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"It requires an engineered approach, not a standard unit. NMP exhaust passes through particulate filtration first, and the heat exchanger and electrical equipment in the exhaust path must be rated for the solvent zone (ATEX \/ IECEx), with NMP concentration kept well below the lower explosive limit and continuous monitoring. Where the zone classification cannot be met, an indirect water loop between exhaust and heat pump is the safer architecture.\"}\r\n },\r\n {\r\n \"@type\": \"Question\",\r\n \"name\": \"How fast does a project pay back?\",\r\n \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"It depends on three numbers: your heat load, your annual operating hours, and the gap between your current cost of heat and your electricity price. Coating lines and dry rooms run thousands of hours a year at high load, so they sit at the favourable end. Send us the three numbers and we will return an indicative COP and payback range rather than a generic claim.\"}\r\n }\r\n ]\r\n }\r\n ]\r\n}\r\n<\/script>\r\n<\/head>\r\n<body>\r\n\r\n<header class=\"hero\">\r\n <div class=\"hero-bg\">\r\n <img src=\"https:\/\/hetapro.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/hero-bg-batery-semiconductor.webp\"\r\n srcset=\"https:\/\/hetapro.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/hero-bg-batery-semiconductor-768x432.webp 768w,\r\n https:\/\/hetapro.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/hero-bg-batery-semiconductor-1024x576.webp 1024w,\r\n https:\/\/hetapro.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/hero-bg-batery-semiconductor.webp 1600w\"\r\n sizes=\"100vw\"\r\n width=\"1600\" height=\"900\"\r\n alt=\"Glowing semiconductor die on a circuit board, the manufacturing environment where 30 to 150 degree process heat decides cell and wafer yield\"\r\n fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\">\r\n <\/div>\r\n <div class=\"hero-veil\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"wrap\">\r\n <div class=\"eyebrow\">Applications \u00b7 New Energy & Electronics<\/div>\r\n <h1>One degree decides the yield.<br>We deliver that degree.<\/h1>\r\n <p class=\"lede\">Lithium battery drying, dry-room regeneration, wafer wet cleaning, hot ultrapure water \u2014 the heat that decides whether a cell or a wafer passes, produced at 30\u2013150 \u00b0C with no flame. HETAPRO heat pumps take the low-grade heat your process already throws away and put it back where it earns money.<\/p>\r\n <div class=\"specbar\">\r\n <div><b>30\u2013150 \u00b0C<\/b><span>Hot water \u00b7 steam \u00b7 hot air<\/span><\/div>\r\n <div><b>6 series<\/b><span>Matched to each process step<\/span><\/div>\r\n <div><b>\u221240 \u00b0C dew point<\/b><span>Dry-room regeneration heat<\/span><\/div>\r\n <div><b>24\/7 duty<\/b><span>Continuous process operation<\/span><\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n<\/header>\r\n\r\n<main class=\"wrap\">\r\n\r\n\r\n<section class=\"tshell\" id=\"series\">\r\n <div class=\"tshell-head\">\r\n <div class=\"kicker\">Interactive series selector<\/div>\r\n <h2>Set the temperature. The series, the COP and the machine follow.<\/h2>\r\n <p>Choose the temperature your process actually holds \u2014 not the nameplate maximum \u2014 and the panel returns the matching series, the realistic COP at that lift, the heat source that can feed it, and whether a boiler still has a job. Drag the slider or use the arrow keys. <strong>The scale stops at 150 \u00b0C because that is the highest temperature any HETAPRO machine delivers.<\/strong> Diffusion, oxidation, LPCVD and epitaxy at 800\u20131,200 \u00b0C are not on it, because no heat pump reaches them and pretending otherwise is how a supplier loses a fab engineer in the first meeting.<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"tstage\">\r\n <div class=\"tslider-wrap\">\r\n <label for=\"tempSlider\" style=\"position:absolute;left:-9999px\">Select process temperature<\/label>\r\n <input type=\"range\" class=\"tslider\" id=\"tempSlider\" min=\"30\" max=\"150\" step=\"1\" value=\"95\"\r\n aria-describedby=\"tReadout\" aria-valuetext=\"95 degrees Celsius, anode drying series\">\r\n <div class=\"ticks\">\r\n <span style=\"left:0%\"><b>30<\/b>\u00b0C<\/span>\r\n <span style=\"left:25%\"><b>60<\/b>\u00b0C<\/span>\r\n <span style=\"left:41.7%\"><b>80<\/b>\u00b0C<\/span>\r\n <span style=\"left:54.2%\"><b>95<\/b>\u00b0C<\/span>\r\n <span style=\"left:66.7%\"><b>110<\/b>\u00b0C<\/span>\r\n <span style=\"left:83.3%\"><b>130<\/b>\u00b0C<\/span>\r\n <span style=\"left:100%\"><b>150<\/b>\u00b0C<\/span>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"treadout\" id=\"tReadout\" aria-live=\"polite\">\r\n <div class=\"tbig\">\r\n <div class=\"lab\">Process temperature<\/div>\r\n <div class=\"val\" id=\"tVal\">95<small>\u00b0C<\/small><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"tseriesname\" id=\"tSeries\">Anode drying, IPA & calendering<\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <div class=\"tbody\">\r\n <h4 id=\"tProcess\">Anode coating, IPA vapour drying, calendering rolls \u2014 80 \/ 95 \u00b0C<\/h4>\r\n <p id=\"tDesc\">Anode coating lines using water-based slurry run 75\u2013110 \u00b0C, with the first zones in this band; IPA vapour drying needs 80\u2013100 \u00b0C and calendering rolls 80\u2013120 \u00b0C. Heat arrives as hot water through an oven coil or a roll circuit, or as hot air where the line was built around a direct-fired heater. This is where a 95 \u00b0C water-source machine stops being a utility device and starts carrying process load.<\/p>\r\n <div class=\"tspecs\">\r\n <div class=\"tspec\"><b id=\"tCop\">3.4 \u2013 3.9<\/b><span>Typical COP<\/span><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"tspec\"><b id=\"tDuty\">Hot water \/ hot air<\/b><span>Delivery form<\/span><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"tspec\"><b id=\"tSrc\">Oven exhaust 70\u2013105 \u00b0C<\/b><span>Feasible heat source<\/span><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"tspec\"><b id=\"tBoiler\">Optional<\/b><span>Boiler still needed?<\/span><\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"tcards\" id=\"tCards\">\r\n <div class=\"tcards-h\">The six series \u2014 click a card to jump the slider<\/div>\r\n <noscript>\r\n <div class=\"series active\">\r\n <div class=\"sn\">01<\/div><div class=\"st\">30 \/ 60 \u00b0C<\/div>\r\n <div class=\"sl\">Utility, cooling & heat recovery<\/div>\r\n <p>Chilled water, plating baths, cleanroom reheat, sub-fab condenser recovery. COP 4.6\u20135.2.<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <div class=\"series\">\r\n <div class=\"sn\">02<\/div><div class=\"st\">60 \/ 80 \u00b0C<\/div>\r\n <div class=\"sl\">Low-temperature wet benches<\/div>\r\n <p>SC-1, SC-2, post-CMP clean, hot UPW, adhesive curing. COP 3.9\u20134.6.<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <div class=\"series\">\r\n <div class=\"sn\">03<\/div><div class=\"st\">80 \/ 95 \u00b0C<\/div>\r\n <div class=\"sl\">Anode drying, IPA & calendering<\/div>\r\n <p>Anode coating, IPA vapour drying, calendering rolls. COP 3.4\u20133.9.<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <div class=\"series\">\r\n <div class=\"sn\">04<\/div><div class=\"st\">95 \/ 110 \u00b0C<\/div>\r\n <div class=\"sl\">Cathode drying & vacuum bake<\/div>\r\n <p>Cathode NMP coating, vacuum bake, high-temperature hot water. COP 3.0\u20133.4.<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <div class=\"series\">\r\n <div class=\"sn\">05<\/div><div class=\"st\">110 \/ 130 \u00b0C<\/div>\r\n <div class=\"sl\">Solvent recovery & regeneration<\/div>\r\n <p>NMP reboilers and dry-room desiccant regeneration. COP 2.5\u20133.0.<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <div class=\"series\">\r\n <div class=\"sn\">06<\/div><div class=\"st\">130 \/ 150 \u00b0C<\/div>\r\n <div class=\"sl\">SPM & high-temperature steam<\/div>\r\n <p>SPM \/ piranha strip baths and high-temperature regeneration. COP 2.0\u20132.5.<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/noscript>\r\n <\/div>\r\n<\/section>\r\n\r\n<h2>Two industries, one thermodynamic problem<\/h2>\r\n <p>Battery plants and wafer fabs look nothing alike, yet they waste energy in the same shape. Both need heat at a precise temperature, both reject enormous quantities of low-grade heat a few metres away, and both have been trained by decades of cheap gas to solve the first problem by burning fuel and the second by running cooling towers.<\/p>\r\n <p>The numbers make the case on their own. A cathode coating line holds six or seven drying zones between <strong>85 \u00b0C and 130 \u00b0C<\/strong> and exhausts air at <strong>70\u2013105 \u00b0C<\/strong>. A lithium dry room holds <strong>\u221240 \u00b0C dew point<\/strong> by regenerating desiccant at <strong>120\u2013140 \u00b0C<\/strong>, and that regeneration alone can be 30\u201340% of the dry room's energy. A wafer wet bench runs SPM at <strong>120\u2013150 \u00b0C<\/strong> and SC-1\/SC-2 at <strong>65\u201385 \u00b0C<\/strong>, while the sub-fab chillers reject condenser water at <strong>30\u201340 \u00b0C<\/strong> around the clock.<\/p>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"cards c4\">\r\n <div class=\"card\"><span class=\"num\">01<\/span><h4>Heat is the yield variable<\/h4><p>Oven temperature swings crack electrodes and shift solvent residue. Bath temperature shifts etch rate and particle removal. Precision is not a comfort feature here \u2014 it is the process.<\/p><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"card\"><span class=\"num\">02<\/span><h4>Heating and cooling at once<\/h4><p>Both plants run chillers and heaters on the same day, often in the same room. A water-source heat pump moves that heat instead of buying it twice.<\/p><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"card\"><span class=\"num\">03<\/span><h4>Scope 2 is now audited<\/h4><p>Battery customers audit their suppliers' carbon intensity; fabs report to their own customers. On-site combustion is the easiest line item to delete.<\/p><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"card\"><span class=\"num\">04<\/span><h4>The waste heat is already there<\/h4><p>Oven exhaust, chiller condensers, wet-bench overflow, CDA compressor heat. None of it needs to be generated \u2014 only lifted.<\/p><\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"note deep\">\r\n <b class=\"lbl\">How to read this page<\/b>\r\n Every process below is listed with its <strong>actual working temperature and the form of heat it needs<\/strong> \u2014 hot water, steam or hot air. Where a heat pump cannot serve a step, the page says so and explains why. An application page that claims everything is an application page nobody believes.\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <section class=\"finder\" id=\"finder\">\r\n <div class=\"finder-head\">\r\n <div class=\"kicker\">Process index<\/div>\r\n <h2>Eighteen process steps, band by band<\/h2>\r\n <p>The selector above answers one question \u2014 what series does this temperature need. This index answers the other: which process steps actually sit in each band, across both industries. Filter by band, or read the whole list.<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <div class=\"chips\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Filter processes by temperature band\">\r\n <button class=\"chip\" data-band=\"all\" aria-pressed=\"true\">All processes<\/button>\r\n <button class=\"chip\" data-band=\"1\" aria-pressed=\"false\">\u2264 60 \u00b0C<\/button>\r\n <button class=\"chip\" data-band=\"2\" aria-pressed=\"false\">61\u201380 \u00b0C<\/button>\r\n <button class=\"chip\" data-band=\"3\" aria-pressed=\"false\">81\u201395 \u00b0C<\/button>\r\n <button class=\"chip\" data-band=\"4\" aria-pressed=\"false\">96\u2013110 \u00b0C<\/button>\r\n <button class=\"chip\" data-band=\"5\" aria-pressed=\"false\">111\u2013130 \u00b0C<\/button>\r\n <button class=\"chip\" data-band=\"6\" aria-pressed=\"false\">131\u2013150 \u00b0C<\/button>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <div class=\"pf-grid\" id=\"pfGrid\">\r\n <div class=\"pfind-item\" data-band=\"1\">\r\n <div class=\"pf-top\"><b>Slurry mixing & storage<\/b><span class=\"pill p-ind\">Battery<\/span><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"pf-row\"><span class=\"k\">Temp<\/span><span class=\"pf-temp\">20\u201335 \u00b0C<\/span><span class=\"v\">\u00b7 chilled water, tight control<\/span><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"pf-row\"><span class=\"k\">Series<\/span><span class=\"v\">MT-W2W, simultaneous chilled water<\/span><\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <div class=\"pfind-item\" data-band=\"3\">\r\n <div class=\"pf-top\"><b>Anode coating drying (water-based)<\/b><span class=\"pill p-ind\">Battery<\/span><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"pf-row\"><span class=\"k\">Temp<\/span><span class=\"pf-temp\">75\u2013110 \u00b0C<\/span><span class=\"v\">\u00b7 hot air through oven coil<\/span><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"pf-row\"><span class=\"k\">Series<\/span><span class=\"v\">HT-A2W \u00b7 HT-W2S<\/span><\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <div class=\"pfind-item\" data-band=\"5\">\r\n <div class=\"pf-top\"><b>Cathode coating drying (NMP)<\/b><span class=\"pill p-ind\">Battery<\/span><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"pf-row\"><span class=\"k\">Temp<\/span><span class=\"pf-temp\">85\u2013130 \u00b0C<\/span><span class=\"v\">\u00b7 6\u20137 zones, exhaust 70\u2013105 \u00b0C<\/span><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"pf-row\"><span class=\"k\">Series<\/span><span class=\"v\">HT-A2W \u00b7 HT-W2S<\/span><\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <div class=\"pfind-item\" data-band=\"4\">\r\n <div class=\"pf-top\"><b>Calendering roll heating<\/b><span class=\"pill p-ind\">Battery<\/span><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"pf-row\"><span class=\"k\">Temp<\/span><span class=\"pf-temp\">80\u2013120 \u00b0C<\/span><span class=\"v\">\u00b7 hot water or hot oil circuit<\/span><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"pf-row\"><span class=\"k\">Series<\/span><span class=\"v\">HT-A2W via heat exchanger<\/span><\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <div class=\"pfind-item\" data-band=\"4\">\r\n <div class=\"pf-top\"><b>Vacuum bake \/ cell drying<\/b><span class=\"pill p-ind\">Battery<\/span><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"pf-row\"><span class=\"k\">Temp<\/span><span class=\"pf-temp\">85\u2013120 \u00b0C<\/span><span class=\"v\">\u00b7 hot water jacket, 8\u201324 h cycles<\/span><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"pf-row\"><span class=\"k\">Series<\/span><span class=\"v\">MT-W2W \u00b7 HT-A2W<\/span><\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <div class=\"pfind-item\" data-band=\"5\">\r\n <div class=\"pf-top\"><b>NMP recovery reboiler<\/b><span class=\"pill p-ind\">Battery<\/span><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"pf-row\"><span class=\"k\">Temp<\/span><span class=\"pf-temp\">100\u2013130 \u00b0C<\/span><span class=\"v\">\u00b7 low-pressure steam<\/span><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"pf-row\"><span class=\"k\">Series<\/span><span class=\"v\">HT-W2S \u00b7 HT-A2S<\/span><\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <div class=\"pfind-item\" data-band=\"6\">\r\n <div class=\"pf-top\"><b>Dry-room desiccant regeneration<\/b><span class=\"pill p-ind\">Battery<\/span><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"pf-row\"><span class=\"k\">Temp<\/span><span class=\"pf-temp\">120\u2013140 \u00b0C<\/span><span class=\"v\">\u00b7 regeneration air, \u221240 \u00b0C dew point<\/span><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"pf-row\"><span class=\"k\">Series<\/span><span class=\"v\">HT-W2S \u00b7 HT-A2W<\/span><\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <div class=\"pfind-item\" data-band=\"1\">\r\n <div class=\"pf-top\"><b>Formation & ageing chambers<\/b><span class=\"pill p-ind\">Battery<\/span><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"pf-row\"><span class=\"k\">Temp<\/span><span class=\"pf-temp\">25\u201345 \u00b0C<\/span><span class=\"v\">\u00b7 cooling-dominated, heat rejected<\/span><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"pf-row\"><span class=\"k\">Series<\/span><span class=\"v\">MT-W2W recovering chamber heat<\/span><\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <div class=\"pfind-item\" data-band=\"2\">\r\n <div class=\"pf-top\"><b>Module & pack adhesive curing<\/b><span class=\"pill p-ind\">Battery<\/span><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"pf-row\"><span class=\"k\">Temp<\/span><span class=\"pf-temp\">60\u201380 \u00b0C<\/span><span class=\"v\">\u00b7 hot air, low velocity<\/span><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"pf-row\"><span class=\"k\">Series<\/span><span class=\"v\">MT-A2A \u00b7 MT-A2W<\/span><\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"pfind-item\" data-band=\"6\">\r\n <div class=\"pf-top\"><b>SPM \/ photoresist strip bath<\/b><span class=\"pill p-ind\">Semiconductor<\/span><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"pf-row\"><span class=\"k\">Temp<\/span><span class=\"pf-temp\">120\u2013150 \u00b0C<\/span><span class=\"v\">\u00b7 hot water or steam, isolated loop<\/span><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"pf-row\"><span class=\"k\">Series<\/span><span class=\"v\">HT-W2S \u00b7 HT-A2W<\/span><\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <div class=\"pfind-item\" data-band=\"2\">\r\n <div class=\"pf-top\"><b>SC-1 (APM) particle removal<\/b><span class=\"pill p-ind\">Semiconductor<\/span><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"pf-row\"><span class=\"k\">Temp<\/span><span class=\"pf-temp\">65\u201380 \u00b0C<\/span><span class=\"v\">\u00b7 hot water via double-wall exchanger<\/span><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"pf-row\"><span class=\"k\">Series<\/span><span class=\"v\">MT-A2W \u00b7 MT-W2W<\/span><\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <div class=\"pfind-item\" data-band=\"3\">\r\n <div class=\"pf-top\"><b>SC-2 (HPM) metal removal<\/b><span class=\"pill p-ind\">Semiconductor<\/span><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"pf-row\"><span class=\"k\">Temp<\/span><span class=\"pf-temp\">65\u201385 \u00b0C<\/span><span class=\"v\">\u00b7 hot water, corrosion-resistant wetted parts<\/span><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"pf-row\"><span class=\"k\">Series<\/span><span class=\"v\">MT-W2W \u00b7 HT-A2W<\/span><\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <div class=\"pfind-item\" data-band=\"3\">\r\n <div class=\"pf-top\"><b>Hot DI \/ UPW rinse<\/b><span class=\"pill p-ind\">Semiconductor<\/span><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"pf-row\"><span class=\"k\">Temp<\/span><span class=\"pf-temp\">60\u201390 \u00b0C<\/span><span class=\"v\">\u00b7 hot ultrapure water loop<\/span><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"pf-row\"><span class=\"k\">Series<\/span><span class=\"v\">MT-W2W \u00b7 HT-A2W<\/span><\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <div class=\"pfind-item\" data-band=\"4\">\r\n <div class=\"pf-top\"><b>IPA vapour drying<\/b><span class=\"pill p-ind\">Semiconductor<\/span><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"pf-row\"><span class=\"k\">Temp<\/span><span class=\"pf-temp\">80\u2013100 \u00b0C<\/span><span class=\"v\">\u00b7 hot water or hot nitrogen<\/span><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"pf-row\"><span class=\"k\">Series<\/span><span class=\"v\">MT-W2W \u00b7 HT-A2W<\/span><\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <div class=\"pfind-item\" data-band=\"2\">\r\n <div class=\"pf-top\"><b>Post-CMP clean<\/b><span class=\"pill p-ind\">Semiconductor<\/span><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"pf-row\"><span class=\"k\">Temp<\/span><span class=\"pf-temp\">60\u201380 \u00b0C<\/span><span class=\"v\">\u00b7 hot water, slurry preheat<\/span><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"pf-row\"><span class=\"k\">Series<\/span><span class=\"v\">MT-A2W \u00b7 MT-W2W<\/span><\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <div class=\"pfind-item\" data-band=\"1\">\r\n <div class=\"pf-top\"><b>Plating & electroplating baths<\/b><span class=\"pill p-ind\">Semiconductor<\/span><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"pf-row\"><span class=\"k\">Temp<\/span><span class=\"pf-temp\">40\u201360 \u00b0C<\/span><span class=\"v\">\u00b7 hot water + simultaneous cooling<\/span><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"pf-row\"><span class=\"k\">Series<\/span><span class=\"v\">MT-W2W, heating and cooling<\/span><\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <div class=\"pfind-item\" data-band=\"1\">\r\n <div class=\"pf-top\"><b>Cleanroom make-up air reheat<\/b><span class=\"pill p-ind\">Semiconductor<\/span><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"pf-row\"><span class=\"k\">Temp<\/span><span class=\"pf-temp\">18\u201325 \u00b0C<\/span><span class=\"v\">\u00b7 large air volume, small \u0394T<\/span><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"pf-row\"><span class=\"k\">Series<\/span><span class=\"v\">MT-W2W from chiller condensers<\/span><\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <div class=\"pfind-item\" data-band=\"1\">\r\n <div class=\"pf-top\"><b>Sub-fab chiller condenser loop<\/b><span class=\"pill p-ind\">Semiconductor<\/span><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"pf-row\"><span class=\"k\">Source<\/span><span class=\"pf-temp\">30\u201340 \u00b0C<\/span><span class=\"v\">\u00b7 lifted to 80\u201390 \u00b0C hot water<\/span><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"pf-row\"><span class=\"k\">Series<\/span><span class=\"v\">MT-W2W \u00b7 HT-A2W<\/span><\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <div class=\"pf-sum\" id=\"pfSum\" aria-live=\"polite\">Showing 18 processes across both industries.<\/div>\r\n <\/section>\r\n\r\n <h2 id=\"battery\">Lithium battery manufacturing<\/h2>\r\n <p>Cell production is a drying business with a coating problem attached. Moisture and solvent have to leave the electrode at a controlled rate; later, moisture has to be kept out of the cell entirely. Both jobs are heat jobs, and both are usually served by gas burners whose exhaust is then thrown away.<\/p>\r\n\r\n <figure>\r\n <div class=\"figbox\">\r\n <svg viewBox=\"0 0 1160 300\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Lithium battery cell production chain with heat demand at each step\">\r\n <defs>\r\n <marker id=\"fa\" markerWidth=\"9\" markerHeight=\"9\" refX=\"7\" refY=\"3.5\" orient=\"auto\"><path d=\"M0 0 L0 7 L8 3.5 z\" fill=\"#4A3236\"\/><\/marker>\r\n <marker id=\"faa\" markerWidth=\"9\" markerHeight=\"9\" refX=\"7\" refY=\"3.5\" orient=\"auto\"><path d=\"M0 0 L0 7 L8 3.5 z\" fill=\"#E60012\"\/><\/marker>\r\n <\/defs>\r\n <rect x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"1160\" height=\"300\" fill=\"#FFFFFF\"\/>\r\n <g>\r\n <rect class=\"fg-box\" x=\"24\" y=\"96\" width=\"128\" height=\"58\" rx=\"6\"\/>\r\n <text class=\"fg-t\" x=\"88\" y=\"120\" text-anchor=\"middle\">Mixing<\/text>\r\n <text class=\"fg-s\" x=\"88\" y=\"138\" text-anchor=\"middle\">20\u201335 \u00b0C \u00b7 cool<\/text>\r\n\r\n <rect class=\"fg-box-a\" x=\"184\" y=\"88\" width=\"150\" height=\"74\" rx=\"6\"\/>\r\n <text class=\"fg-t\" x=\"259\" y=\"114\" text-anchor=\"middle\">Coating & drying<\/text>\r\n <text class=\"fg-s\" x=\"259\" y=\"132\" text-anchor=\"middle\">85\u2013130 \u00b0C air<\/text>\r\n <text class=\"fg-al\" x=\"259\" y=\"150\" text-anchor=\"middle\">exhaust 70\u2013105 \u00b0C<\/text>\r\n\r\n <rect class=\"fg-box\" x=\"366\" y=\"96\" width=\"128\" height=\"58\" rx=\"6\"\/>\r\n <text class=\"fg-t\" x=\"430\" y=\"120\" text-anchor=\"middle\">Calendering<\/text>\r\n <text class=\"fg-s\" x=\"430\" y=\"138\" text-anchor=\"middle\">80\u2013120 \u00b0C roll<\/text>\r\n\r\n <rect class=\"fg-box\" x=\"526\" y=\"96\" width=\"128\" height=\"58\" rx=\"6\"\/>\r\n <text class=\"fg-t\" x=\"590\" y=\"120\" text-anchor=\"middle\">Slitting<\/text>\r\n <text class=\"fg-s\" x=\"590\" y=\"138\" text-anchor=\"middle\">dry air, RH < 1%<\/text>\r\n\r\n <rect class=\"fg-box-a\" x=\"686\" y=\"88\" width=\"150\" height=\"74\" rx=\"6\"\/>\r\n <text class=\"fg-t\" x=\"761\" y=\"114\" text-anchor=\"middle\">Dry room assembly<\/text>\r\n <text class=\"fg-s\" x=\"761\" y=\"132\" text-anchor=\"middle\">\u221240 \u00b0C dew point<\/text>\r\n <text class=\"fg-al\" x=\"761\" y=\"150\" text-anchor=\"middle\">regen 120\u2013140 \u00b0C<\/text>\r\n\r\n <rect class=\"fg-box-a\" x=\"868\" y=\"88\" width=\"140\" height=\"74\" rx=\"6\"\/>\r\n <text class=\"fg-t\" x=\"938\" y=\"114\" text-anchor=\"middle\">Vacuum bake<\/text>\r\n <text class=\"fg-s\" x=\"938\" y=\"132\" text-anchor=\"middle\">85\u2013120 \u00b0C jacket<\/text>\r\n <text class=\"fg-al\" x=\"938\" y=\"150\" text-anchor=\"middle\">8\u201324 h cycle<\/text>\r\n\r\n <rect class=\"fg-box\" x=\"1040\" y=\"96\" width=\"96\" height=\"58\" rx=\"6\"\/>\r\n <text class=\"fg-t\" x=\"1088\" y=\"120\" text-anchor=\"middle\">Formation<\/text>\r\n <text class=\"fg-s\" x=\"1088\" y=\"138\" text-anchor=\"middle\">25\u201345 \u00b0C<\/text>\r\n <\/g>\r\n <g class=\"fg-arrow\">\r\n <line x1=\"152\" y1=\"125\" x2=\"180\" y2=\"125\"\/>\r\n <line x1=\"334\" y1=\"125\" x2=\"362\" y2=\"125\"\/>\r\n <line x1=\"494\" y1=\"125\" x2=\"522\" y2=\"125\"\/>\r\n <line x1=\"654\" y1=\"125\" x2=\"682\" y2=\"125\"\/>\r\n <line x1=\"836\" y1=\"125\" x2=\"864\" y2=\"125\"\/>\r\n <line x1=\"1008\" y1=\"125\" x2=\"1036\" y2=\"125\"\/>\r\n <\/g>\r\n <text class=\"fg-s\" x=\"24\" y=\"40\">Heat demand follows the electrode from slurry to sealed cell \u2014 and so does the waste heat<\/text>\r\n <line class=\"fg-line\" x1=\"24\" y1=\"56\" x2=\"1136\" y2=\"56\"\/>\r\n <g>\r\n <line class=\"fg-line\" x1=\"259\" y1=\"170\" x2=\"259\" y2=\"200\"\/>\r\n <line class=\"fg-line\" x1=\"761\" y1=\"170\" x2=\"761\" y2=\"200\"\/>\r\n <line class=\"fg-line\" x1=\"938\" y1=\"170\" x2=\"938\" y2=\"200\"\/>\r\n <rect x=\"150\" y=\"200\" width=\"858\" height=\"66\" rx=\"6\" fill=\"#FDEAEC\" stroke=\"#E60012\" stroke-width=\"1.2\"\/>\r\n <text class=\"fg-t\" x=\"579\" y=\"226\" text-anchor=\"middle\">Recover the exhaust, not the ambient air<\/text>\r\n <text class=\"fg-s\" x=\"579\" y=\"246\" text-anchor=\"middle\">70\u2013105 \u00b0C oven exhaust and 30\u201340 \u00b0C utility water are the heat sources that make the COP work<\/text>\r\n <\/g>\r\n <\/svg>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <figcaption><b>Figure 1.<\/b> The five thermal steps that dominate cell manufacturing. Red boxes mark the two steps where drying quality directly sets yield \u2014 coating and dry-room assembly.<\/figcaption>\r\n <\/figure>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"tbl-wrap\">\r\n <table>\r\n <caption>Battery process heat map. Temperatures are typical operating windows for Li-ion cell production; actual setpoints follow the chemistry, binder system and line speed.<\/caption>\r\n <thead>\r\n <tr><th>Process step<\/th><th>Working temp.<\/th><th>Heat form<\/th><th>Series<\/th><th>Why it matters<\/th><\/tr>\r\n <\/thead>\r\n <tbody>\r\n <tr><td><strong>Cathode coating drying<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"num\">85\u2013130 \u00b0C<\/td><td>Hot air, 6\u20137 zones<\/td><td class=\"num\"><a class=\"plink\" href=\"https:\/\/hetapro.com\/products\/ht-a2w-135c-hot-water-piston-heat-pump\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">HT-A2W<\/a> \u00b7 <a class=\"plink\" href=\"https:\/\/hetapro.com\/products\/ht-w2s-150c-steam-heat-pump\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">HT-W2S<\/a><\/td><td>NMP evaporates here; zone temperature sets adhesion and residue<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td><strong>Anode coating drying<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"num\">75\u2013110 \u00b0C<\/td><td>Hot air<\/td><td class=\"num\"><a class=\"plink\" href=\"https:\/\/hetapro.com\/products\/ht-a2w-135c-hot-water-piston-heat-pump\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">HT-A2W<\/a><\/td><td>Water-based slurry, higher air volume, lower temperature<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td><strong>Calendering<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"num\">80\u2013120 \u00b0C<\/td><td>Hot water \/ hot oil roll<\/td><td class=\"num\"><a class=\"plink\" href=\"https:\/\/hetapro.com\/products\/ht-a2w-135c-hot-water-piston-heat-pump\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">HT-A2W<\/a><\/td><td>Roll temperature sets electrode density uniformity<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td><strong>Dry-room regeneration<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"num\">120\u2013140 \u00b0C<\/td><td>Regeneration air<\/td><td class=\"num\"><a class=\"plink\" href=\"https:\/\/hetapro.com\/products\/ht-w2s-150c-steam-heat-pump\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">HT-W2S<\/a> \u00b7 <a class=\"plink\" href=\"https:\/\/hetapro.com\/products\/ht-a2w-135c-hot-water-piston-heat-pump\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">HT-A2W<\/a><\/td><td>Holds \u221240 \u00b0C dew point at 20\u201325 \u00b0C; 30\u201340% of dry-room energy<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td><strong>Vacuum bake<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"num\">85\u2013120 \u00b0C<\/td><td>Hot water jacket<\/td><td class=\"num\"><a class=\"plink\" href=\"https:\/\/hetapro.com\/products\/mt-w2w-95c-hot-water-screw-heat-pump\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">MT-W2W<\/a> \u00b7 <a class=\"plink\" href=\"https:\/\/hetapro.com\/products\/ht-a2w-135c-hot-water-piston-heat-pump\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">HT-A2W<\/a><\/td><td>8\u201324 h cycles; moisture left here becomes HF later<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td><strong>NMP recovery<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"num\">100\u2013130 \u00b0C<\/td><td>Low-pressure steam<\/td><td class=\"num\"><a class=\"plink\" href=\"https:\/\/hetapro.com\/products\/ht-w2s-150c-steam-heat-pump\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">HT-W2S<\/a> \u00b7 <a class=\"plink\" href=\"https:\/\/hetapro.com\/products\/ht-a2s-150c-steam-heat-pump\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">HT-A2S<\/a><\/td><td>Distillation reboiler duty; NMP boils at 202 \u00b0C at ambient pressure<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td><strong>Formation & ageing<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"num\">25\u201345 \u00b0C<\/td><td>Cooling + trim heat<\/td><td class=\"num\"><a class=\"plink\" href=\"https:\/\/hetapro.com\/products\/mt-w2w-95c-hot-water-screw-heat-pump\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">MT-W2W<\/a><\/td><td>Chambers reject heat continuously \u2014 a free source for the loops above<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td><strong>Electrolyte filling<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"num\">18\u201325 \u00b0C, \u2264 \u221240 \u00b0C DP<\/td><td>Dry air<\/td><td class=\"num\">Dry-room system<\/td><td>Electrolyte is moisture-critical; no direct heat pump contact<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <\/tbody>\r\n <\/table>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <h3>Coating drying and NMP: the biggest single load<\/h3>\r\n <p>Electrode drying is usually described as an oven problem, but it is really an energy-recovery problem. Cathode lines hold 85\u2013130 \u00b0C across six or seven zones and exhaust 70\u2013105 \u00b0C air saturated with NMP. That exhaust is hot enough to be a heat source and dirty enough that most plants simply vent it to the recovery unit and then to atmosphere.<\/p>\r\n <p>The architecture that works is a bypass, not a rebuild. Exhaust is drawn off after particulate filtration, passes through the heat pump evaporator, and returns as 85\u2013130 \u00b0C supply air to the oven. The oven's internal ducting, zone control logic and original burner stay exactly where they are \u2014 the heat pump becomes the base-load heat source and the burner becomes backup, switching in on demand or on fault.<\/p>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"cards c2\">\r\n <div class=\"card\">\r\n <h4>What the numbers look like<\/h4>\r\n <p>NMP boils at <strong>202 \u00b0C<\/strong> with a latent heat around <strong>540 kJ\/kg<\/strong>. Cathode drying typically runs 85\u2013130 \u00b0C; anode (water-based) runs 75\u2013110 \u00b0C. Exhaust leaves at 70\u2013105 \u00b0C. Industry estimates put coating and drying at roughly half to two-thirds of a cell plant's energy demand \u2014 which is why this single loop decides the plant's energy bill.<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <div class=\"card\">\r\n <h4>Why recovering exhaust beats air-source<\/h4>\r\n <p>An air-source unit lifting ambient air to 120 \u00b0C works hard for every degree. A unit lifting 90 \u00b0C exhaust to 120 \u00b0C works across a much smaller span, so the same compressor delivers far more heat. Cascade systems lifting 50\u201370 \u00b0C waste heat to 120\u2013150 \u00b0C typically land at <strong>COP 2.5\u20133.5<\/strong>; air-source units at 80\u201395 \u00b0C reach <strong>3.5\u20134.8<\/strong> on vendor data. Treat both as indicative, not guaranteed.<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"note warn\">\r\n <b class=\"lbl\">Safety boundary \u2014 NMP exhaust<\/b>\r\n NMP vapour is flammable and its exhaust stream carries solvent aerosol and electrode dust. A standard heat pump is not acceptable here. The exhaust path needs <strong>ATEX \/ IECEx-rated<\/strong> components, particulate filtration upstream of the coil, continuous LEL monitoring and interlocks that trip the unit on high concentration. Where the zone classification cannot be resolved, the correct design is an <strong>indirect water loop<\/strong>: exhaust heats water, water heats the heat pump, and the refrigerant never sees solvent.\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <h3>Dry rooms: the load nobody budgets for<\/h3>\r\n <p>A lithium dry room is not air-conditioning. It holds <strong>\u221240 \u00b0C dew point<\/strong>, 20\u201325 \u00b0C and below 1% relative humidity, because a few milligrams of moisture in a sealed cell will generate hydrofluoric acid and end the cell's life. Refrigeration alone cannot reach that dew point \u2014 desiccant wheels do, and wheels are regenerated with hot air.<\/p>\r\n <p>Conventional wheels need <strong>120\u2013140 \u00b0C<\/strong> regeneration air. That is squarely inside HETAPRO's range: HT-W2S produces 110\u2013150 \u00b0C steam, HT-A2W produces 135 \u00b0C hot water for a regeneration coil. Mid-temperature wheels, now used in volume production, regenerate at <strong>70\u201390 \u00b0C<\/strong> \u2014 low enough for MT-W2W hot water and low enough to use recovered chiller heat instead of a dedicated heater.<\/p>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"tbl-wrap\">\r\n <table>\r\n <caption>Dry-room regeneration options. Wheel technology decides which heat source you need \u2014 check this before sizing the heat pump.<\/caption>\r\n <thead><tr><th>Wheel type<\/th><th>Regeneration temp.<\/th><th>Best heat source<\/th><th>Trade-off<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\r\n <tbody>\r\n <tr><td>Conventional silica gel \/ molecular sieve<\/td><td class=\"num\">120\u2013140 \u00b0C<\/td><td>HT-W2S steam \u00b7 HT-A2W 135 \u00b0C water<\/td><td>Proven at \u221240 to \u221260 \u00b0C; higher-grade heat, lower COP<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td>Mid-temperature regeneration wheel<\/td><td class=\"num\">70\u201390 \u00b0C<\/td><td>MT-W2W water \u00b7 recovered chiller heat<\/td><td>Higher COP and cheaper heat, but needs wheel selection from the start<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td>Two-stage wheel train<\/td><td class=\"num\">80\u2013110 \u00b0C \/ 90\u2013135 \u00b0C<\/td><td>HT-A2W + MT-W2W combination<\/td><td>Reaches \u221250 to \u221260 \u00b0C for electrolyte and formation areas<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <\/tbody>\r\n <\/table>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <h3>Vacuum bake and calendering: the quiet loads<\/h3>\r\n <p>Vacuum bake runs 85\u2013120 \u00b0C for 8\u201324 hours per cycle, often across dozens of chambers, and it is a pure hot-water jacket load \u2014 no air, no steam, no complexity. Calendering is the same story at 80\u2013120 \u00b0C on the roll. Neither is glamorous, both run continuously, and both are trivially served by 95 \u00b0C or 135 \u00b0C hot water from a unit that is already recovering heat elsewhere in the plant.<\/p>\r\n\r\n <h2 id=\"semiconductor\">Semiconductor wafer processing<\/h2>\r\n <p>A fab's thermal problem is the mirror image of a battery plant's. The process temperatures are lower \u2014 mostly 60\u2013150 \u00b0C \u2014 but the purity requirements are extreme, the uptime requirement is absolute, and the waste heat is enormous and continuous. A fab that gets its hot water from a gas boiler while its chillers reject 30\u201340 \u00b0C water to cooling towers is burning money in both directions at once.<\/p>\r\n\r\n <figure>\r\n <div class=\"figbox\">\r\n <svg viewBox=\"0 0 1160 460\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Semiconductor fab heat recovery loop: chillers reject 30 to 40 degree water, heat pump lifts it to 80 to 90 degree hot water for wet benches, ultrapure water and cleanroom reheat\">\r\n <defs>\r\n <marker id=\"fa2\" markerWidth=\"9\" markerHeight=\"9\" refX=\"7\" refY=\"3.5\" orient=\"auto\"><path d=\"M0 0 L0 7 L8 3.5 z\" fill=\"#4A3236\"\/><\/marker>\r\n <marker id=\"faa2\" markerWidth=\"9\" markerHeight=\"9\" refX=\"7\" refY=\"3.5\" orient=\"auto\"><path d=\"M0 0 L0 7 L8 3.5 z\" fill=\"#E60012\"\/><\/marker>\r\n <\/defs>\r\n <rect width=\"1160\" height=\"460\" fill=\"#FFFFFF\"\/>\r\n\r\n <rect class=\"fg-box\" x=\"30\" y=\"72\" width=\"240\" height=\"120\" rx=\"8\"\/>\r\n <text class=\"fg-tb\" x=\"150\" y=\"100\" text-anchor=\"middle\">Sub-fab chillers<\/text>\r\n <text class=\"fg-s\" x=\"150\" y=\"122\" text-anchor=\"middle\">Process cooling, 5\u201312 \u00b0C supply<\/text>\r\n <text class=\"fg-a\" x=\"150\" y=\"148\" text-anchor=\"middle\">Condenser water 30\u201340 \u00b0C<\/text>\r\n <text class=\"fg-s\" x=\"150\" y=\"170\" text-anchor=\"middle\">Rejected to towers today<\/text>\r\n\r\n <rect class=\"fg-box\" x=\"30\" y=\"268\" width=\"240\" height=\"120\" rx=\"8\"\/>\r\n <text class=\"fg-tb\" x=\"150\" y=\"296\" text-anchor=\"middle\">Wet bench effluent<\/text>\r\n <text class=\"fg-s\" x=\"150\" y=\"318\" text-anchor=\"middle\">Overflow and rinse water<\/text>\r\n <text class=\"fg-a\" x=\"150\" y=\"344\" text-anchor=\"middle\">25\u201340 \u00b0C<\/text>\r\n <text class=\"fg-s\" x=\"150\" y=\"366\" text-anchor=\"middle\">Continuous, 24\/7<\/text>\r\n\r\n <rect x=\"350\" y=\"140\" width=\"250\" height=\"190\" rx=\"10\" fill=\"#170A0C\"\/>\r\n <text class=\"fg-tw\" x=\"475\" y=\"172\" text-anchor=\"middle\">HETAPRO heat pump<\/text>\r\n <text class=\"fg-sw\" x=\"475\" y=\"196\" text-anchor=\"middle\">MT-W2W \/ HT-A2W<\/text>\r\n <line x1=\"380\" y1=\"212\" x2=\"570\" y2=\"212\" stroke=\"#4A3236\"\/>\r\n <text class=\"fg-sw\" x=\"475\" y=\"236\" text-anchor=\"middle\">Evaporator \u2190 30\u201340 \u00b0C<\/text>\r\n <text class=\"fg-sw\" x=\"475\" y=\"258\" text-anchor=\"middle\">Condenser \u2192 80\u201390 \u00b0C<\/text>\r\n <text class=\"fg-sw\" x=\"475\" y=\"286\" text-anchor=\"middle\">Simultaneous chilled water<\/text>\r\n <text class=\"fg-sw\" x=\"475\" y=\"308\" text-anchor=\"middle\">5\u201312 \u00b0C, cooling side<\/text>\r\n\r\n <rect class=\"fg-box-a\" x=\"690\" y=\"72\" width=\"220\" height=\"100\" rx=\"8\"\/>\r\n <text class=\"fg-t\" x=\"800\" y=\"98\" text-anchor=\"middle\">SC-1 \/ SC-2 baths<\/text>\r\n <text class=\"fg-s\" x=\"800\" y=\"118\" text-anchor=\"middle\">65\u201385 \u00b0C hot water<\/text>\r\n <text class=\"fg-al\" x=\"800\" y=\"140\" text-anchor=\"middle\">\u00b11 \u00b0C bath stability<\/text>\r\n\r\n <rect class=\"fg-box-a\" x=\"690\" y=\"192\" width=\"220\" height=\"100\" rx=\"8\"\/>\r\n <text class=\"fg-t\" x=\"800\" y=\"218\" text-anchor=\"middle\">Hot UPW \/ DI rinse<\/text>\r\n <text class=\"fg-s\" x=\"800\" y=\"238\" text-anchor=\"middle\">60\u201390 \u00b0C, isolated loop<\/text>\r\n <text class=\"fg-al\" x=\"800\" y=\"260\" text-anchor=\"middle\">316L EP \/ PFA wetted<\/text>\r\n\r\n <rect class=\"fg-box-a\" x=\"690\" y=\"312\" width=\"220\" height=\"100\" rx=\"8\"\/>\r\n <text class=\"fg-t\" x=\"800\" y=\"338\" text-anchor=\"middle\">Cleanroom MAU reheat<\/text>\r\n <text class=\"fg-s\" x=\"800\" y=\"358\" text-anchor=\"middle\">18\u201325 \u00b0C after dehumidification<\/text>\r\n <text class=\"fg-al\" x=\"800\" y=\"380\" text-anchor=\"middle\">large volume, small \u0394T<\/text>\r\n\r\n <g class=\"fg-arrow\">\r\n <path d=\"M270 132 H318 V205 H346\" style=\"marker-end:url(#fa2)\"\/>\r\n <path d=\"M270 328 H318 V265 H346\" style=\"marker-end:url(#fa2)\"\/>\r\n <\/g>\r\n <g class=\"fg-arrow-a\">\r\n <path d=\"M600 200 H640 V122 H686\" style=\"marker-end:url(#faa2)\"\/>\r\n <path d=\"M600 240 H686\" style=\"marker-end:url(#faa2)\"\/>\r\n <path d=\"M600 285 H640 V362 H686\" style=\"marker-end:url(#faa2)\"\/>\r\n <\/g>\r\n <text class=\"fg-s\" x=\"30\" y=\"26\">One loop, two useful outputs: hot water where the process needs it, chilled water where the chillers used to make it twice<\/text>\r\n <line class=\"fg-line\" x1=\"30\" y1=\"38\" x2=\"1130\" y2=\"38\"\/>\r\n <text class=\"fg-s\" x=\"30\" y=\"440\">SPM at 120\u2013150 \u00b0C sits outside this loop: it is served separately by HT-W2S steam through a quartz or PFA bath.<\/text>\r\n <\/svg>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <figcaption><b>Figure 2.<\/b> The fab heat-recovery loop. Most of the heat a fab needs below 100 \u00b0C is already inside the building, rejected by the chillers that keep the process cool.<\/figcaption>\r\n <\/figure>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"tbl-wrap\">\r\n <table>\r\n <caption>Wafer wet-process heat map. SPM is the only routine step that needs steam; everything else sits in hot-water territory.<\/caption>\r\n <thead><tr><th>Process<\/th><th>Working temp.<\/th><th>Heat form<\/th><th>Series<\/th><th>Constraint<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\r\n <tbody>\r\n <tr><td><strong>SPM \/ piranha strip<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"num\">120\u2013150 \u00b0C<\/td><td>Steam or 135 \u00b0C water via HX<\/td><td class=\"num\"><a class=\"plink\" href=\"https:\/\/hetapro.com\/products\/ht-w2s-150c-steam-heat-pump\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">HT-W2S<\/a> \u00b7 <a class=\"plink\" href=\"https:\/\/hetapro.com\/products\/ht-a2w-135c-hot-water-piston-heat-pump\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">HT-A2W<\/a><\/td><td>Quartz \/ PFA bath, no metal contact<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td><strong>SC-1 (APM)<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"num\">65\u201380 \u00b0C<\/td><td>Hot water, double-wall HX<\/td><td class=\"num\"><a class=\"plink\" href=\"https:\/\/hetapro.com\/products\/mt-a2w-95c-hot-water-scroll-heat-pump\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">MT-A2W<\/a> \u00b7 <a class=\"plink\" href=\"https:\/\/hetapro.com\/products\/mt-w2w-95c-hot-water-screw-heat-pump\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">MT-W2W<\/a><\/td><td>Ammonia chemistry, venting<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td><strong>SC-2 (HPM)<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"num\">65\u201385 \u00b0C<\/td><td>Hot water<\/td><td class=\"num\"><a class=\"plink\" href=\"https:\/\/hetapro.com\/products\/mt-w2w-95c-hot-water-screw-heat-pump\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">MT-W2W<\/a> \u00b7 <a class=\"plink\" href=\"https:\/\/hetapro.com\/products\/ht-a2w-135c-hot-water-piston-heat-pump\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">HT-A2W<\/a><\/td><td>HCl chemistry, corrosion allowance<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td><strong>Hot DI \/ UPW rinse<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"num\">60\u201390 \u00b0C<\/td><td>Hot UPW loop<\/td><td class=\"num\"><a class=\"plink\" href=\"https:\/\/hetapro.com\/products\/mt-w2w-95c-hot-water-screw-heat-pump\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">MT-W2W<\/a><\/td><td>No copper or brass wetted parts<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td><strong>IPA vapour drying<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"num\">80\u2013100 \u00b0C<\/td><td>Hot water \/ hot N\u2082<\/td><td class=\"num\"><a class=\"plink\" href=\"https:\/\/hetapro.com\/products\/mt-w2w-95c-hot-water-screw-heat-pump\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">MT-W2W<\/a> \u00b7 <a class=\"plink\" href=\"https:\/\/hetapro.com\/products\/ht-a2w-135c-hot-water-piston-heat-pump\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">HT-A2W<\/a><\/td><td>Solvent zone, Ex rating<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td><strong>Post-CMP clean<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"num\">60\u201380 \u00b0C<\/td><td>Hot water<\/td><td class=\"num\"><a class=\"plink\" href=\"https:\/\/hetapro.com\/products\/mt-a2w-95c-hot-water-scroll-heat-pump\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">MT-A2W<\/a><\/td><td>Slurry preheat also possible<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td><strong>Plating baths<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"num\">40\u201360 \u00b0C<\/td><td>Hot water + cooling<\/td><td class=\"num\"><a class=\"plink\" href=\"https:\/\/hetapro.com\/products\/mt-w2w-95c-hot-water-screw-heat-pump\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">MT-W2W<\/a><\/td><td>Simultaneous cold for rectifier cooling<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td><strong>Cleanroom MAU reheat<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"num\">18\u201325 \u00b0C<\/td><td>Hot water coil<\/td><td class=\"num\"><a class=\"plink\" href=\"https:\/\/hetapro.com\/products\/mt-w2w-95c-hot-water-screw-heat-pump\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">MT-W2W<\/a><\/td><td>Huge air volume, tiny \u0394T \u2014 recovery essential<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <\/tbody>\r\n <\/table>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <h3>Purity is the real engineering problem<\/h3>\r\n <p>Nobody in a fab cares that a heat pump can reach 90 \u00b0C. They care whether it can reach 90 \u00b0C <strong>without putting a single metal ion into the water<\/strong>. That constraint reshapes the whole system: the refrigerant circuit stays entirely outside the process, heat crosses a double-wall exchanger with a monitored intermediate loop, and every wetted surface is 316L stainless (EP where required), high-purity PFA or quartz-compatible material.<\/p>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"note\">\r\n <b class=\"lbl\">Non-negotiable design rules for fabs<\/b>\r\n <strong>1.<\/strong> No copper, brass or aluminium wetted parts anywhere in the hot water loop. <strong>2.<\/strong> Double-wall heat exchanger with leak detection on the intermediate circuit \u2014 a refrigerant leak must never be able to reach UPW. <strong>3.<\/strong> Hot UPW returned through PFA or 316L EP piping with no stagnant branches. <strong>4.<\/strong> Unit placed outside the cleanroom envelope (sub-fab or roof), with vibration isolation and drip containment. <strong>5.<\/strong> N+1 redundancy on any loop feeding a wet bench \u2014 a heat pump trip must not stop a bath mid-process.\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <h3>The heat recovery prize: chillers that heat the fab<\/h3>\r\n <p>Semiconductor fabs run chillers year-round to hold process cooling at 5\u201312 \u00b0C, and reject the condenser heat at 30\u201340 \u00b0C. At the same time they buy heat to hold baths at 65\u201385 \u00b0C, hot UPW at 60\u201390 \u00b0C and cleanroom make-up air at 18\u201325 \u00b0C. That is a heat pump's ideal case: a warm, constant source and a nearby sink, with a lift of only 40\u201350 K.<\/p>\r\n <p>Because the unit cools as it heats, the chilled water it produces can go back to the process cooling loop. System COPs of <strong>4\u20136<\/strong> are realistic for this configuration because you are effectively paid twice \u2014 once for the heat delivered, once for the chiller load avoided. It is the single highest-value heat pump project available in most fabs, and it is usually blocked not by thermodynamics but by the fact that the chiller plant and the hot water plant are owned by two different teams.<\/p>\r\n\r\n <h2>Beyond the two flagships<\/h2>\r\n <p>The same process physics appears across new energy and electronics manufacturing. None of these needs a different product family \u2014 they need a different load calculation.<\/p>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"cards c4\">\r\n <div class=\"card\"><h4>PV cell wet processing<\/h4><p>Texturing and cleaning baths at 70\u201385 \u00b0C, hot DI rinse and emitter-wash steps. High volume, continuous, and a natural fit for 95 \u00b0C hot water.<\/p><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"card\"><h4>ESS pack & module testing<\/h4><p>Thermal chambers cycling 25\u201345 \u00b0C reject heat continuously; recovered condenser heat can preheat the next chamber or the plant's hot water.<\/p><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"card\"><h4>Composite & blade curing<\/h4><p>Mould and oven heating at 40\u201390 \u00b0C for resin cure, with post-cure above 120 \u00b0C where the heat pump hands over to electric.<\/p><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"card\"><h4>PCB & display wet lines<\/h4><p>Desmear at 70\u201380 \u00b0C, plating baths at 40\u201360 \u00b0C, hot-air knife drying at 70\u201385 \u00b0C \u2014 low temperature, high uptime, fast payback.<\/p><\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"pshell\" id=\"products\">\r\n <div class=\"pshell-head\">\r\n <div class=\"kicker\">Product match<\/div>\r\n <h2>Six series, matched to process step<\/h2>\r\n <p>Battery drying and wafer wet processing use four of the six families. The two steam units matter more here than in any other industry we serve, because dry-room regeneration and SPM stripping both need heat above 110 \u00b0C. <strong>The cards outlined in red follow the temperature band currently selected in the selector above<\/strong> \u2014 change the slider and the recommendation changes with it.<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <div class=\"pshell-body\">\r\n <div class=\"pgrid\" id=\"pGrid\">\r\n <div class=\"pcard\" data-series=\"1,2,3\">\r\n <div class=\"pcard-top\"><div class=\"pmodel\"><a class=\"plink\" href=\"https:\/\/hetapro.com\/products\/mt-a2w-95c-hot-water-scroll-heat-pump\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">MT-A2W<\/a><\/div><div class=\"ptag\">95 \u00b0C hot water \u00b7 air source<\/div><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"pimg\"><a href=\"https:\/\/hetapro.com\/products\/mt-a2w-95c-hot-water-scroll-heat-pump\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img src=\"https:\/\/hetapro.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/1-mt-a2w.webp\" alt=\"MT-A2W air source 95\u00b0C hot water scroll heat pump unit\" width=\"1000\" height=\"1000\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"><\/a><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"pcard-body\">\r\n <p>SC-1\/SC-2 baths, post-CMP clean, general hot water where no waste heat source is available.<\/p>\r\n <div class=\"pspecs\">\r\n <div class=\"pspec\"><b>95 \u00b0C<\/b><span>Max. water<\/span><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"pspec\"><b>350 kW<\/b><span>Typical output<\/span><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"pspec\"><b>Scroll<\/b><span>Compressor<\/span><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"pspec\"><b>Air<\/b><span>Heat source<\/span><\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <a class=\"pmore\" href=\"https:\/\/hetapro.com\/products\/mt-a2w-95c-hot-water-scroll-heat-pump\/\">MT-A2W product page \u2192<\/a>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"pcard\" data-series=\"1,2,3\">\r\n <div class=\"pcard-top\"><div class=\"pmodel\"><a class=\"plink\" href=\"https:\/\/hetapro.com\/products\/mt-w2w-95c-hot-water-screw-heat-pump\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">MT-W2W<\/a><\/div><div class=\"ptag\">95 \u00b0C hot water \u00b7 water source<\/div><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"pimg\"><a href=\"https:\/\/hetapro.com\/products\/mt-w2w-95c-hot-water-screw-heat-pump\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img src=\"https:\/\/hetapro.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/2-mt-w2w.webp\" alt=\"MT-W2W water source 95\u00b0C hot water screw heat pump unit\" width=\"1000\" height=\"1000\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"><\/a><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"pcard-body\">\r\n <p>The workhorse for fab heat recovery and battery vacuum bake: chiller condensers and wet-bench effluent become the heat source.<\/p>\r\n <div class=\"pspecs\">\r\n <div class=\"pspec\"><b>95 \u00b0C<\/b><span>Max. water<\/span><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"pspec\"><b>1,500 kW<\/b><span>Typical output<\/span><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"pspec\"><b>Screw + VFD<\/b><span>Compressor<\/span><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"pspec\"><b>Water<\/b><span>Heat source<\/span><\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <a class=\"pmore\" href=\"https:\/\/hetapro.com\/products\/mt-w2w-95c-hot-water-screw-heat-pump\/\">MT-W2W product page \u2192<\/a>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"pcard\" data-series=\"3,4,5\">\r\n <div class=\"pcard-top\"><div class=\"pmodel\"><a class=\"plink\" href=\"https:\/\/hetapro.com\/products\/ht-a2w-135c-hot-water-piston-heat-pump\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">HT-A2W<\/a><\/div><div class=\"ptag\">135 \u00b0C hot water \u00b7 air source<\/div><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"pimg\"><a href=\"https:\/\/hetapro.com\/products\/ht-a2w-135c-hot-water-piston-heat-pump\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img src=\"https:\/\/hetapro.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/3-ht-a2w.webp\" alt=\"HT-A2W air source 135\u00b0C hot water piston heat pump unit\" width=\"1000\" height=\"1000\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"><\/a><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"pcard-body\">\r\n <p>Coating oven coils at 120\u2013130 \u00b0C, calendering rolls, vacuum bake, dry-room regeneration coils.<\/p>\r\n <div class=\"pspecs\">\r\n <div class=\"pspec\"><b>135 \u00b0C<\/b><span>Max. water<\/span><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"pspec\"><b>220 kW<\/b><span>Typical output<\/span><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"pspec\"><b>Piston<\/b><span>Compressor<\/span><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"pspec\"><b>Air<\/b><span>Heat source<\/span><\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <a class=\"pmore\" href=\"https:\/\/hetapro.com\/products\/ht-a2w-135c-hot-water-piston-heat-pump\/\">HT-A2W product page \u2192<\/a>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"pcard\" data-series=\"3,4,5,6\">\r\n <div class=\"pcard-top\"><div class=\"pmodel\"><a class=\"plink\" href=\"https:\/\/hetapro.com\/products\/ht-w2s-150c-steam-heat-pump\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">HT-W2S<\/a><\/div><div class=\"ptag\">110\u2013150 \u00b0C steam \u00b7 water source<\/div><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"pimg\"><a href=\"https:\/\/hetapro.com\/products\/ht-w2s-150c-steam-heat-pump\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img src=\"https:\/\/hetapro.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/4.ht-w2s.webp\" alt=\"HT-W2S water source 150\u00b0C steam heat pump unit\" width=\"1000\" height=\"1000\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"><\/a><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"pcard-body\">\r\n <p>SPM baths, NMP recovery reboilers and conventional dry-room regeneration where 120\u2013140 \u00b0C air is required.<\/p>\r\n <div class=\"pspecs\">\r\n <div class=\"pspec\"><b>150 \u00b0C<\/b><span>Steam<\/span><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"pspec\"><b>110\u2013150 \u00b0C<\/b><span>Range<\/span><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"pspec\"><b>Screw<\/b><span>Compressor<\/span><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"pspec\"><b>Water<\/b><span>Heat source<\/span><\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <a class=\"pmore\" href=\"https:\/\/hetapro.com\/products\/ht-w2s-150c-steam-heat-pump\/\">HT-W2S product page \u2192<\/a>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"pcard\" data-series=\"5,6\">\r\n <div class=\"pcard-top\"><div class=\"pmodel\"><a class=\"plink\" href=\"https:\/\/hetapro.com\/products\/ht-a2s-150c-steam-heat-pump\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">HT-A2S<\/a><\/div><div class=\"ptag\">110\u2013150 \u00b0C steam \u00b7 air source<\/div><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"pimg\"><a href=\"https:\/\/hetapro.com\/products\/ht-a2s-150c-steam-heat-pump\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img src=\"https:\/\/hetapro.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/5.ht-a2s.webp\" alt=\"HT-A2S air source 150\u00b0C steam heat pump unit\" width=\"1000\" height=\"1000\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"><\/a><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"pcard-body\">\r\n <p>Where no water-side waste heat exists but steam is still needed \u2014 retrofits with only oven exhaust available.<\/p>\r\n <div class=\"pspecs\">\r\n <div class=\"pspec\"><b>150 \u00b0C<\/b><span>Steam<\/span><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"pspec\"><b>110\u2013150 \u00b0C<\/b><span>Range<\/span><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"pspec\"><b>Piston<\/b><span>Compressor<\/span><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"pspec\"><b>Air<\/b><span>Heat source<\/span><\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <a class=\"pmore\" href=\"https:\/\/hetapro.com\/products\/ht-a2s-150c-steam-heat-pump\/\">HT-A2S product page \u2192<\/a>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"pcard\" data-series=\"1,2\">\r\n <div class=\"pcard-top\"><div class=\"pmodel\"><a class=\"plink\" href=\"https:\/\/hetapro.com\/products\/mt-a2a-85c-air-source-direct-heating-inverter-hot-air-heat-pump-dryer\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">MT-A2A<\/a><\/div><div class=\"ptag\">30\u201385 \u00b0C hot air \u00b7 inverter dryer<\/div><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"pimg\"><a href=\"https:\/\/hetapro.com\/products\/mt-a2a-85c-air-source-direct-heating-inverter-hot-air-heat-pump-dryer\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img src=\"https:\/\/hetapro.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/6.mt-a2a.webp\" alt=\"MT-A2A air source inverter hot air heat pump dryer\" width=\"1000\" height=\"1000\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"><\/a><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"pcard-body\">\r\n <p>Adhesive curing, low-temperature module drying and component bake-out below 85 \u00b0C. Not for electrode ovens \u2014 those need 120 \u00b0C+.<\/p>\r\n <div class=\"pspecs\">\r\n <div class=\"pspec\"><b>30\u201385 \u00b0C<\/b><span>Air<\/span><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"pspec\"><b>Direct<\/b><span>Heating<\/span><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"pspec\"><b>Inverter<\/b><span>Compressor<\/span><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"pspec\"><b>Air<\/b><span>Heat source<\/span><\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <a class=\"pmore\" href=\"https:\/\/hetapro.com\/products\/mt-a2a-85c-air-source-direct-heating-inverter-hot-air-heat-pump-dryer\/\">MT-A2A product page \u2192<\/a>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n \r\n<section class=\"calc\" id=\"tco\">\r\n <div class=\"calc-head\">\r\n <div class=\"kicker\">Total cost of ownership<\/div>\r\n <h3>Ten years of heat, priced on your site<\/h3>\r\n <p>Energy price alone does not decide a project \u2014 capital, load and running hours do. Set seven numbers and the panel prices both options over ten years, including the capital the boiler option does not need. Screening tool, not a quotation. Every monetary figure stays in whatever currency you enter.<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <div class=\"calc-body\">\r\n <div class=\"calc-in\">\r\n <div class=\"fld\">\r\n <label for=\"fuelPrice\">Fuel price per kWh of fuel input <b id=\"fuelPriceV\">0.050<\/b><\/label>\r\n <input type=\"range\" id=\"fuelPrice\" min=\"0.010\" max=\"0.160\" step=\"0.002\" value=\"0.050\">\r\n <div class=\"hint\">Delivered fuel cost divided by its heating value. Typical industrial band 0.02\u20130.10.<\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <div class=\"fld\">\r\n <label for=\"elecPrice\">Electricity price per kWh <b id=\"elecPriceV\">0.120<\/b><\/label>\r\n <input type=\"range\" id=\"elecPrice\" min=\"0.03\" max=\"0.45\" step=\"0.005\" value=\"0.120\">\r\n <div class=\"hint\">All-in industrial tariff, with demand charges spread across the kWh.<\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <div class=\"fld\">\r\n <label for=\"boilerEff\">Boiler efficiency <b id=\"boilerEffV\">82 %<\/b><\/label>\r\n <input type=\"range\" id=\"boilerEff\" min=\"55\" max=\"96\" step=\"1\" value=\"82\">\r\n <div class=\"hint\">Well-maintained gas boiler 80\u201385%; aged plant 70\u201378%; condensing 90%+.<\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <div class=\"fld\">\r\n <label for=\"copSel\">COP at your duty point <b id=\"copSelV\">3.4<\/b><\/label>\r\n <input type=\"range\" id=\"copSel\" min=\"1.5\" max=\"5.4\" step=\"0.1\" value=\"3.4\">\r\n <div class=\"hint\">Synced to the selector above. Override it the moment a supplier gives you a guaranteed figure at your duty point.<\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <div class=\"fld\">\r\n <label for=\"loadKw\">Average heat load <b id=\"loadKwV\">800 kW<\/b><\/label>\r\n <input type=\"range\" id=\"loadKw\" min=\"100\" max=\"5000\" step=\"50\" value=\"800\">\r\n <div class=\"hint\">Average, not peak. The peak sizes the machine; the average sizes the saving.<\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <div class=\"fld\">\r\n <label for=\"runHours\">Annual operating hours <b id=\"runHoursV\">6,000 h<\/b><\/label>\r\n <input type=\"range\" id=\"runHours\" min=\"1000\" max=\"8760\" step=\"100\" value=\"6000\">\r\n <div class=\"hint\">Coating lines and dry rooms often run 7,000\u20138,000 h. Pilot lines and R&D fabs run far fewer \u2014 and that is what kills those projects.<\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <div class=\"fld\">\r\n <label for=\"capexKw\">Installed cost per kW of heat <b id=\"capexKwV\">450<\/b><\/label>\r\n <input type=\"range\" id=\"capexKw\" min=\"150\" max=\"1200\" step=\"10\" value=\"450\">\r\n <div class=\"hint\">Complete system: unit, buffer, hydraulics, controls, installation. Fab integration with UPW isolation runs higher.<\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <div class=\"calc-out\">\r\n <div class=\"res hero\">\r\n <span class=\"k\">Ten-year cost, heat pump vs boiler<\/span>\r\n <span class=\"v\" id=\"resTco\">\u2014<\/span>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <div class=\"res\"><span class=\"k\">Boiler \u2014 cost per kWh of heat<\/span><span class=\"v\" id=\"resBoiler\">\u2014<\/span><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"res\"><span class=\"k\">Heat pump \u2014 cost per kWh of heat<\/span><span class=\"v\" id=\"resHp\">\u2014<\/span><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"res\"><span class=\"k\">Break-even COP at your prices<\/span><span class=\"v\" id=\"resBreakeven\">\u2014<\/span><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"res\"><span class=\"k\">Annual heat delivered<\/span><span class=\"v\" id=\"resHeat\">\u2014<\/span><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"res\"><span class=\"k\">Annual energy-cost saving<\/span><span class=\"v\" id=\"resSaving\">\u2014<\/span><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"res\"><span class=\"k\">Simple payback on installed cost<\/span><span class=\"v\" id=\"resPayback\">\u2014<\/span><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"bars\">\r\n <div class=\"bar-row\">\r\n <div class=\"bar-lab\"><span>Boiler \u00b7 10 years of energy<\/span><b id=\"barBoilerV\">\u2014<\/b><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"bar-track\"><div class=\"bar-fill b-boiler\" id=\"barBoiler\" style=\"width:0%\"><\/div><\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <div class=\"bar-row\">\r\n <div class=\"bar-lab\"><span>Heat pump \u00b7 10 years incl. capital<\/span><b id=\"barHpV\">\u2014<\/b><\/div>\r\n <div class=\"bar-track\"><div class=\"bar-fill b-hp\" id=\"barHp\" style=\"width:0%\"><\/div><\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <div class=\"verdict\" id=\"tcoVerdict\">\u2014<\/div>\r\n <p class=\"calc-foot\">All monetary outputs are in whatever currency you enter. This is a screening estimate, not a quotation \u2014 the exclusions are listed directly below.<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n<\/section>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"note deep\">\r\n <b class=\"lbl\">What this TCO includes \u2014 and what it deliberately leaves out<\/b>\r\n <p style=\"margin:0\"><strong>Included:<\/strong> the installed cost of the heat pump system and ten years of energy cost for both options at constant prices. <strong>Excluded, and all of it favours the heat pump:<\/strong> avoided boiler servicing and burner maintenance, NOx permit and stack testing, fuel storage and handling, carbon price or Scope 1 reporting cost, any grant or tax credit, and the value of the chilled water produced when the unit runs as a heat recovery chiller. <strong>Excluded, and this works against it:<\/strong> electrical capacity upgrades, structural or footprint works, and production downtime during tie-in. The three formulas are the same ones used on our textile and food pages: <span style=\"font-family:ui-monospace,monospace\">boiler heat cost = fuel \u00f7 efficiency<\/span>, <span style=\"font-family:ui-monospace,monospace\">heat pump heat cost = electricity \u00f7 COP<\/span>, <span style=\"font-family:ui-monospace,monospace\">break-even COP = electricity \u00f7 boiler heat cost<\/span>.<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<h2 id=\"limits\">Where a heat pump stops \u2014 and what to do instead<\/h2>\r\n <p>An application page without limits is a brochure. These are the four boundaries we hit in every new energy and electronics project, stated before you ask.<\/p>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"tbl-wrap\">\r\n <table>\r\n <caption>The honest boundaries. None of these is a product weakness; they are thermodynamic or contamination facts.<\/caption>\r\n <thead><tr><th>Boundary<\/th><th>Why<\/th><th>Correct solution<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\r\n <tbody>\r\n <tr><td><strong>Diffusion, oxidation, LPCVD, PECVD, epitaxy<\/strong><\/td><td>800\u20131,200 \u00b0C process temperatures \u2014 two orders of magnitude beyond any heat pump<\/td><td>Electric furnaces and RF heating; heat pump serves only the utility loop around them<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td><strong>Direct steam injection into process chemistry<\/strong><\/td><td>Would introduce contaminants into SPM, SC-1 or UPW; defeats the entire purity chain<\/td><td>Never. Isolated secondary loop with double-wall exchanger only<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td><strong>Flammable solvent exhaust (NMP)<\/strong><\/td><td>Standard units are not Ex-rated; a spark in the exhaust path is unacceptable<\/td><td>ATEX-rated equipment plus LEL monitoring, or an indirect water loop<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td><strong>Ovens needing >150 \u00b0C at high velocity<\/strong><\/td><td>Above 150 \u00b0C the cascade loses its advantage; some high-speed lines need 160\u2013180 \u00b0C air<\/td><td>Hybrid: heat pump to 150 \u00b0C, electric trim heater for the last 10\u201330 K<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <tr><td><strong>Processes with very low annual hours<\/strong><\/td><td>Capital recovery depends on running hours; pilot lines and R&D fabs rarely justify it<\/td><td>Start with the utility loop (hot water\/UPW) and expand as utilisation rises<\/td><\/tr>\r\n <\/tbody>\r\n <\/table>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <h2>Standards and compliance<\/h2>\r\n <p>Equipment entering a battery plant or a fab is audited against a specific set of rules. These are the ones that come up in every project review.<\/p>\r\n <div class=\"cards c2\">\r\n <div class=\"card\">\r\n <h4>Semiconductor environment<\/h4>\r\n <p><strong>SEMI S2<\/strong> environmental, health and safety for production equipment; <strong>SEMI F47<\/strong> voltage-sag ride-through; <strong>SEMI F57<\/strong> high-purity polymer piping where PFA is used; <strong>ISO 14644-1<\/strong> cleanroom classification for the installation envelope; <strong>NFPA 70 \/ UL 508A<\/strong> for control panels.<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <div class=\"card\">\r\n <h4>Battery plant & solvent zones<\/h4>\r\n <p><strong>ATEX \/ IECEx<\/strong> for NMP-bearing exhaust and solvent areas; <strong>IATF 16949<\/strong> quality system expectations from automotive customers; <strong>GB 51377<\/strong> lithium battery plant design code for Chinese projects; <strong>EN 378 \/ F-Gas 517\/2014<\/strong> for refrigerant selection and leak management.<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <h2>What we need to size your system<\/h2>\r\n <p>No site visit is needed for a first-pass answer. Five numbers get you an indicative design, a COP range and a payback estimate.<\/p>\r\n\r\n <ol class=\"steps\">\r\n <li><h4>Process temperature levels<\/h4><p>Supply and return temperature for each loop \u2014 for example \"oven supply 125 \u00b0C, return 95 \u00b0C\" or \"bath 80 \u00b0C, return 70 \u00b0C\".<\/p><\/li>\r\n <li><h4>Heat load and load profile<\/h4><p>Peak kW plus annual operating hours, and whether the load is continuous (dry room, UPW) or batch (vacuum bake, SPM).<\/p><\/li>\r\n <li><h4>Available waste heat<\/h4><p>Source type, temperature and flow: oven exhaust at 70\u2013105 \u00b0C, chiller condenser water at 30\u201340 \u00b0C, wet-bench effluent at 25\u201340 \u00b0C.<\/p><\/li>\r\n <li><h4>Current cost of heat<\/h4><p>Fuel type, price per unit, boiler efficiency, and the electricity tariff including demand charges and time-of-use structure.<\/p><\/li>\r\n <li><h4>Site constraints<\/h4><p>Available footprint (roof, sub-fab, utility yard), noise limits, redundancy requirement, and whether the area is classified.<\/p><\/li>\r\n <\/ol>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"formula\">\r\n <b>Recoverable heat from an air stream<\/b><br>\r\n Q (kW) \u2248 0.335 \u00d7 V (m\u00b3\/h) \u00d7 \u0394T (K) \/ 1000<br>\r\n <span style=\"color:#CDB4B7\">Example: 20,000 m\u00b3\/h of oven exhaust cooled from 95 \u00b0C to 45 \u00b0C \u2192 0.335 \u00d7 20,000 \u00d7 50 \/ 1000 \u2248 335 kW of recovered heat, before the compressor lift is added.<\/span>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"note\">\r\n <b class=\"lbl\">What this page does not claim<\/b>\r\n COP and payback figures on this page are indicative ranges drawn from published system data and our own project experience \u2014 not guaranteed performance. Actual results depend on the lift temperature, hours of operation and local tariffs. We will put a specific number against your specific numbers, in writing, before you commit to anything.\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <h2>FAQ<\/h2>\r\n <div class=\"faq\">\r\n <details>\r\n <summary>Can a heat pump really supply 130 \u00b0C air for battery electrode drying?<\/summary>\r\n <div class=\"ans\">Yes, with the right series. Cathode coating lines typically run 85\u2013130 \u00b0C supply air and anode lines 75\u2013110 \u00b0C. <a class=\"plink\" href=\"https:\/\/hetapro.com\/products\/ht-a2w-135c-hot-water-piston-heat-pump\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">HT-A2W<\/a> delivers 135 \u00b0C hot water that heats the oven coil, and <a class=\"plink\" href=\"https:\/\/hetapro.com\/products\/ht-w2s-150c-steam-heat-pump\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">HT-W2S<\/a> delivers 110\u2013150 \u00b0C steam for lines originally designed around a steam coil. The heat source is normally the oven's own exhaust at 70\u2013105 \u00b0C, not ambient air \u2014 which is what keeps the COP high.<\/div>\r\n <\/details>\r\n <details>\r\n <summary>What dew point can you hold in a lithium battery dry room?<\/summary>\r\n <div class=\"ans\">Dry rooms for electrode and electrolyte areas are typically held at \u221240 \u00b0C dew point, 20\u201325 \u00b0C and below 1% RH. The heat pump does not dehumidify directly; it supplies the 120\u2013140 \u00b0C regeneration air for conventional desiccant wheels, or 80\u201390 \u00b0C hot water where mid-temperature regeneration wheels are used. Regeneration is usually 30\u201340% of the dry room's energy consumption, which is why the heat source matters more than the unit's nameplate COP.<\/div>\r\n <\/details>\r\n <details>\r\n <summary>Does the heat pump touch the chemicals or the ultrapure water?<\/summary>\r\n <div class=\"ans\">No. The refrigerant circuit never contacts process fluids. Heat crosses an isolated secondary loop and a double-wall heat exchanger, with wetted parts in 316L stainless steel, high-purity PFA or equivalent. In a fab this is a hard requirement: no copper or brass wetted surfaces, no path by which refrigerant could reach UPW, and leak detection on the intermediate loop.<\/div>\r\n <\/details>\r\n <details>\r\n <summary>What about the 800\u20131200 \u00b0C furnace steps in a wafer fab?<\/summary>\r\n <div class=\"ans\">Those stay electric. Diffusion, oxidation, LPCVD, PECVD and epitaxy run far above any heat pump's reach, and we do not pretend otherwise. The heat pump's territory is wet processing, hot UPW, bath heating, IPA drying, cleanroom reheat and heat recovery from the sub-fab chiller loop \u2014 which is where most of the low-grade energy in a fab is actually wasted.<\/div>\r\n <\/details>\r\n <details>\r\n <summary>Is NMP-laden exhaust safe for a heat pump?<\/summary>\r\n <div class=\"ans\">Only with an engineered approach. NMP exhaust passes through particulate filtration first; the heat exchanger and electrical equipment in the exhaust path must be rated for the solvent zone (ATEX \/ IECEx), with NMP concentration kept well below the lower explosive limit and monitored continuously. Where the zone classification cannot be met, an indirect water loop between exhaust and heat pump is the safer architecture.<\/div>\r\n <\/details>\r\n <details>\r\n <summary>How fast does a project pay back?<\/summary>\r\n <div class=\"ans\">Three numbers decide it: heat load, annual operating hours, and the gap between your current cost of heat and your electricity price. Coating lines and dry rooms run thousands of hours a year at high load, so they sit at the favourable end of the range. Send us the three numbers and we will return an indicative COP and payback range rather than a generic claim.<\/div>\r\n <\/details>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"cta\">\r\n <h2>Send us three numbers. Get a real answer.<\/h2>\r\n <p>Process temperature, annual heat demand, and what you pay for heat today. That is enough for an indicative COP, a recommended series and a payback range \u2014 with the boundaries stated, not hidden.<\/p>\r\n <p style=\"margin-top:22px\">\r\n <a class=\"btn btn-p\" href=\"https:\/\/hetapro.com\/contact\/\">Talk to our engineers<\/a>\r\n <a class=\"btn btn-outline\" style=\"margin-left:8px\" href=\"#finder\">Back to the process index<\/a>\r\n <\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <h2>Sources and basis<\/h2>\r\n <ul class=\"src\">\r\n <li>Coating drying windows (cathode 85\u2013130 \u00b0C, anode 75\u2013110 \u00b0C, exhaust 70\u2013105 \u00b0C): lithium battery plant environmental impact assessments and coating-line specifications published 2023\u20132025.<\/li>\r\n <li>NMP properties (boiling point 202 \u00b0C, latent heat \u2248540 kJ\/kg): solvent property data and NMP recovery system literature.<\/li>\r\n <li>Dry-room conditions (\u221240 \u00b0C dew point, 20\u201325 \u00b0C, <1% RH) and regeneration temperatures (120\u2013140 \u00b0C conventional, 70\u201390 \u00b0C mid-temperature wheels): desiccant dehumidifier specifications and published dry-room system data; mid-temperature regeneration performance reported by wheel manufacturers.<\/li>\r\n <li>SPM 120\u2013150 \u00b0C, SC-1 65\u201380 \u00b0C, SC-2 65\u201385 \u00b0C, hot DI 60\u201370 \u00b0C: wet-bench process standards and RCA clean literature (SIMIT, patent filings, university fab operating standards).<\/li>\r\n <li>Cleanroom 20\u201325 \u00b0C, \u00b10.5\u20131 \u00b0C control: semiconductor HVAC design references.<\/li>\r\n <li>COP ranges: published cascade and water-source heat pump system data for 120\u2013150 \u00b0C and 80\u201395 \u00b0C duty; treated as indicative, not guaranteed.<\/li>\r\n <\/ul>\r\n\r\n<\/main>\r\n\r\n<footer>\r\n <div class=\"wrap\">\r\n <p><strong style=\"color:var(--ink)\">HETAPRO<\/strong> \u2014 Industrial high-temperature heat pumps: hot water to 95\u2013135 \u00b0C, steam to 150 \u00b0C, drying air 30\u201385 \u00b0C.<\/p>\r\n <p>\r\n <a href=\"https:\/\/hetapro.com\/industrial_high_temperature_heat_pumps_solution_for_textiles\/\">Textile solutions<\/a> \u00b7\r\n <a href=\"https:\/\/hetapro.com\/industrial-high-temperature-heat-pumps-solutions-for-food-and-beverage-industry\/\">Food & beverage solutions<\/a> \u00b7\r\n <a href=\"https:\/\/hetapro.com\/contact\/\">Contact<\/a>\r\n <\/p>\r\n <p>\u00a9 2026 HETAPRO. Specifications subject to change. Figures on this page are engineering guidance, not contractual performance data.<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n<\/footer>\r\n\r\n<script>\r\n(function(){\r\n var chips = Array.prototype.slice.call(document.querySelectorAll('.chip'));\r\n var items = Array.prototype.slice.call(document.querySelectorAll('.pfind-item'));\r\n var sum = document.getElementById('pfSum');\r\n var active = 'all';\r\n\r\n function apply(){\r\n var shown = 0;\r\n items.forEach(function(el){\r\n var ok = (active === 'all') || (el.getAttribute('data-band') === active);\r\n if (ok) { el.removeAttribute('hidden'); shown++; }\r\n else { el.setAttribute('hidden',''); }\r\n });\r\n chips.forEach(function(c){\r\n c.setAttribute('aria-pressed', String(c.getAttribute('data-band') === active));\r\n });\r\n if (sum) {\r\n sum.textContent = (active === 'all')\r\n ? 'Showing ' + shown + ' processes across both industries.'\r\n : 'Showing ' + shown + ' process' + (shown === 1 ? '' : 'es') + ' in this temperature band.';\r\n }\r\n }\r\n\r\n chips.forEach(function(c){\r\n c.addEventListener('click', function(){\r\n active = c.getAttribute('data-band');\r\n apply();\r\n });\r\n });\r\n apply();\r\n})();\r\n<\/script>\r\n\r\n<script>\r\n(function(){\r\n \/* ---------- the six series ---------- *\/\r\n var SERIES = [\r\n {\r\n lo:30, hi:60, temp:\"30 \/ 60 \u00b0C\", name:\"Utility, cooling & heat recovery\",\r\n process:\"Chilled water, plating baths, cleanroom reheat, sub-fab condenser recovery\",\r\n desc:\"The base layer of the plant: chilled water for slurry mixing and formation chambers, hot water for plating baths and cleanroom reheat, and the sub-fab condenser loop that rejects 30\u201340 \u00b0C water every hour of the year. Here the machine delivers chilled water and hot water at the same time, so the chiller load it avoids is worth as much as the heat it supplies. Highest COP in the portfolio, shortest payback, and the natural first stage of any phased project.\",\r\n cop:\"4.6 \u2013 5.2\", duty:\"Hot + chilled water\", src:\"Chiller condenser 30\u201340 \u00b0C\", boiler:\"No\"\r\n },\r\n {\r\n lo:61, hi:80, temp:\"60 \/ 80 \u00b0C\", name:\"Low-temperature wet benches\",\r\n process:\"SC-1, SC-2, post-CMP clean, hot UPW, adhesive curing\",\r\n desc:\"The bulk of wafer wet processing sits here: SC-1 at 65\u201380 \u00b0C, SC-2 at 65\u201385 \u00b0C, post-CMP clean at 60\u201380 \u00b0C and hot ultrapure water at 60\u201390 \u00b0C. All of it is circulating hot water, none of it needs steam, and the lift from a 30\u201340 \u00b0C condenser loop is only 30\u201345 K. Purity is the constraint, not temperature: double-wall exchanger, 316L EP or PFA wetted parts, and a monitored intermediate loop so refrigerant can never reach the UPW.\",\r\n cop:\"3.9 \u2013 4.6\", duty:\"Hot water (UPW loop)\", src:\"Condenser water \/ wet-bench effluent\", boiler:\"No\"\r\n },\r\n {\r\n lo:81, hi:95, temp:\"80 \/ 95 \u00b0C\", name:\"Anode drying, IPA & calendering\",\r\n process:\"Anode coating 75\u2013110 \u00b0C, IPA vapour drying, calendering rolls\",\r\n desc:\"Anode coating lines running water-based slurry hold 75\u2013110 \u00b0C, with the first zones in this band; IPA vapour drying needs 80\u2013100 \u00b0C and calendering rolls 80\u2013120 \u00b0C. Heat arrives as hot water through an oven coil or a roll circuit, or as hot air where the line was built around a direct-fired heater. This is where a 95 \u00b0C water-source machine stops being a utility device and starts carrying process load \u2014 and where oven exhaust at 70\u2013105 \u00b0C becomes the heat source that makes the COP work.\",\r\n cop:\"3.4 \u2013 3.9\", duty:\"Hot water \/ hot air\", src:\"Oven exhaust 70\u2013105 \u00b0C\", boiler:\"Optional\"\r\n },\r\n {\r\n lo:96, hi:110, temp:\"95 \/ 110 \u00b0C\", name:\"Cathode drying & vacuum bake\",\r\n process:\"Cathode coating 85\u2013130 \u00b0C, vacuum bake 85\u2013120 \u00b0C, high-temperature hot water\",\r\n desc:\"Cathode lines running NMP slurry hold six or seven zones from 85 \u00b0C to 130 \u00b0C, and vacuum bake ovens hold 85\u2013120 \u00b0C for cycles of 8\u201324 hours. Above 95 \u00b0C a single-stage machine is working hard: the 135 \u00b0C hot water unit, or a steam unit feeding the oven coil, is the realistic choice, and the oven exhaust is what keeps the lift \u2014 and therefore the COP \u2014 inside a workable range. Buffer volume matters more here than on any other band, because vacuum bake is a batch load.\",\r\n cop:\"3.0 \u2013 3.4\", duty:\"Pressurised hot water\", src:\"Oven exhaust \/ vacuum pump cooling\", boiler:\"Optional \u2014 buffer advised\"\r\n },\r\n {\r\n lo:111, hi:130, temp:\"110 \/ 130 \u00b0C\", name:\"Solvent recovery & regeneration\",\r\n process:\"NMP reboiler 100\u2013130 \u00b0C, dry-room regeneration 120\u2013140 \u00b0C\",\r\n desc:\"Two duties define this band. NMP recovery reboilers need 100\u2013130 \u00b0C low-pressure steam, and desiccant dry rooms need 120\u2013140 \u00b0C regeneration air to hold a \u221240 \u00b0C dew point. Both are continuous, both are currently fed by steam, and together they are the largest heat load in a battery plant. COP falls to 2.5\u20133.0, so the project lives or dies on running hours \u2014 which is exactly what a 24\/7 dry room provides. Where mid-temperature wheels are specified, the same duty drops into the 80\u201395 \u00b0C band and the economics improve sharply.\",\r\n cop:\"2.5 \u2013 3.0\", duty:\"Steam 110\u2013130 \u00b0C\", src:\"Condensate \/ flash steam\", boiler:\"Retained as trim\"\r\n },\r\n {\r\n lo:131, hi:150, temp:\"130 \/ 150 \u00b0C\", name:\"SPM & high-temperature steam\",\r\n process:\"SPM \/ piranha strip 120\u2013150 \u00b0C, high-temperature regeneration\",\r\n desc:\"The top of the range, and the only routine wafer step that genuinely needs steam. SPM at 120\u2013150 \u00b0C is held in a quartz or PFA bath with no metal contact, so heat arrives through an isolated loop and never by direct injection. At this lift COP is 2.0\u20132.5, so the case rests on displaced steam cost and on the fact that the alternative \u2014 a gas-fired steam boiler inside a fab \u2014 carries a NOx, permitting and flue burden that a heat pump does not. Above 150 \u00b0C the machine stops; those duties stay electric.\",\r\n cop:\"2.0 \u2013 2.5\", duty:\"Saturated steam\", src:\"High-temperature waste heat \/ flue gas\", boiler:\"Retained\"\r\n }\r\n ];\r\n\r\n \/* indicative COP by delivery temperature, consistent with the figures quoted on this page *\/\r\n var CURVE = [\r\n {t:30,c:5.2},{t:60,c:4.5},{t:80,c:3.9},{t:95,c:3.4},\r\n {t:110,c:3.0},{t:130,c:2.5},{t:150,c:2.0}\r\n ];\r\n\r\n var slider = document.getElementById('tempSlider');\r\n var tVal = document.getElementById('tVal');\r\n var tSeries = document.getElementById('tSeries');\r\n var tProcess = document.getElementById('tProcess');\r\n var tDesc = document.getElementById('tDesc');\r\n var tCop = document.getElementById('tCop');\r\n var tDuty = document.getElementById('tDuty');\r\n var tSrc = document.getElementById('tSrc');\r\n var tBoiler = document.getElementById('tBoiler');\r\n var cardsBox = document.getElementById('tCards');\r\n\r\n function findSeries(t){\r\n for(var i=0;i<SERIES.length;i++){\r\n if(t >= SERIES[i].lo && t <= SERIES[i].hi) return SERIES[i];\r\n }\r\n return SERIES[SERIES.length-1];\r\n }\r\n\r\n function copAt(t){\r\n if(t <= CURVE[0].t) return CURVE[0].c;\r\n if(t >= CURVE[CURVE.length-1].t) return CURVE[CURVE.length-1].c;\r\n for(var i=1;i<CURVE.length;i++){\r\n if(t <= CURVE[i].t){\r\n var a=CURVE[i-1], b=CURVE[i];\r\n return a.c + (t-a.t)\/(b.t-a.t)*(b.c-a.c);\r\n }\r\n }\r\n return CURVE[CURVE.length-1].c;\r\n }\r\n\r\n \/* ---------- clickable series cards ---------- *\/\r\n var cardEls = [];\r\n SERIES.forEach(function(s, idx){\r\n var el = document.createElement('div');\r\n el.className = 'series';\r\n el.setAttribute('role','button');\r\n el.setAttribute('tabindex','0');\r\n el.innerHTML =\r\n '<div class=\"sn\">0'+(idx+1)+'<\/div>'+\r\n '<div class=\"st\">'+s.temp+'<\/div>'+\r\n '<div class=\"sl\">'+s.name+'<\/div>'+\r\n '<p>'+s.process+'<\/p>';\r\n function go(){\r\n slider.value = s.lo + Math.round((s.hi - s.lo)\/2);\r\n update();\r\n el.scrollIntoView({behavior:'smooth', block:'nearest'});\r\n }\r\n el.addEventListener('click', go);\r\n el.addEventListener('keydown', function(e){\r\n if(e.key==='Enter' || e.key===' '){ e.preventDefault(); go(); }\r\n });\r\n cardsBox.appendChild(el);\r\n cardEls.push(el);\r\n });\r\n\r\n \/* ---------- TCO inputs ---------- *\/\r\n var fuelEl = document.getElementById('fuelPrice'),\r\n elecEl = document.getElementById('elecPrice'),\r\n effEl = document.getElementById('boilerEff'),\r\n copEl = document.getElementById('copSel'),\r\n loadEl = document.getElementById('loadKw'),\r\n hrsEl = document.getElementById('runHours'),\r\n capEl = document.getElementById('capexKw');\r\n\r\n function money(v){\r\n if(v >= 1e6) return (v\/1e6).toFixed(2) + ' M';\r\n if(v >= 1e3) return (v\/1e3).toFixed(0) + ' k';\r\n return v.toFixed(0);\r\n }\r\n\r\n function update(){\r\n var t = parseInt(slider.value, 10);\r\n var s = findSeries(t);\r\n\r\n tVal.innerHTML = t + '<small>\u00b0C<\/small>';\r\n tSeries.textContent = s.name;\r\n tProcess.textContent = s.process + ' \u2014 ' + s.temp;\r\n tDesc.textContent = s.desc;\r\n tCop.textContent = s.cop;\r\n tDuty.textContent = s.duty;\r\n tSrc.textContent = s.src;\r\n tBoiler.textContent = s.boiler;\r\n\r\n slider.setAttribute('aria-valuetext', t + ' degrees Celsius, ' + s.name);\r\n\r\n cardEls.forEach(function(el, i){\r\n el.classList.toggle('active', SERIES[i] === s);\r\n });\r\n\r\n \/* highlight the machines that serve this band *\/\r\n var idx = SERIES.indexOf(s) + 1;\r\n var pCards = document.querySelectorAll('#pGrid .pcard');\r\n for (var i=0;i<pCards.length;i++){\r\n var list = (pCards[i].getAttribute('data-series')||'').split(',');\r\n pCards[i].classList.toggle('rec', list.indexOf(String(idx)) !== -1);\r\n }\r\n\r\n \/* keep the calculator's COP on the selected band *\/\r\n var c = copAt(t);\r\n copEl.value = c.toFixed(1);\r\n document.getElementById('copSelV').textContent = c.toFixed(1);\r\n calc();\r\n }\r\n\r\n \/* ---------- TCO model ---------- *\/\r\n function calc(){\r\n var fuel = parseFloat(fuelEl.value),\r\n elec = parseFloat(elecEl.value),\r\n eff = parseFloat(effEl.value)\/100,\r\n cop = parseFloat(copEl.value),\r\n load = parseFloat(loadEl.value),\r\n hrs = parseFloat(hrsEl.value),\r\n capKw = parseFloat(capEl.value);\r\n\r\n document.getElementById('fuelPriceV').textContent = fuel.toFixed(3);\r\n document.getElementById('elecPriceV').textContent = elec.toFixed(3);\r\n document.getElementById('boilerEffV').textContent = Math.round(eff*100) + ' %';\r\n document.getElementById('copSelV').textContent = cop.toFixed(1);\r\n document.getElementById('loadKwV').textContent = load.toLocaleString() + ' kW';\r\n document.getElementById('runHoursV').textContent = hrs.toLocaleString() + ' h';\r\n document.getElementById('capexKwV').textContent = capKw.toFixed(0);\r\n\r\n var boilerCost = fuel\/eff; \/* currency per kWh of heat *\/\r\n var hpCost = elec\/cop;\r\n var be = elec\/boilerCost; \/* break-even COP *\/\r\n var annualKwh = load*hrs; \/* kWh of heat per year *\/\r\n var annualSave = (boilerCost - hpCost) * annualKwh;\r\n var capex = load*capKw;\r\n var boiler10 = boilerCost * annualKwh * 10;\r\n var hp10 = capex + hpCost * annualKwh * 10;\r\n var diff = (hp10 - boiler10) \/ boiler10 * 100;\r\n var payback = annualSave > 0 ? capex\/annualSave : Infinity;\r\n\r\n document.getElementById('resBoiler').textContent = boilerCost.toFixed(3) + ' \/ kWh';\r\n document.getElementById('resHp').textContent = hpCost.toFixed(3) + ' \/ kWh';\r\n document.getElementById('resBreakeven').textContent = be.toFixed(2);\r\n document.getElementById('resHeat').textContent = (annualKwh\/1000).toLocaleString(undefined,{maximumFractionDigits:0}) + ' MWh';\r\n document.getElementById('resSaving').textContent = (annualSave>=0?'':'\u2212') + money(Math.abs(annualSave)) + ' \/ yr';\r\n var pbText = (!isFinite(payback) || payback > 99) ? 'beyond 99 years' : payback.toFixed(1) + ' years';\r\n document.getElementById('resPayback').textContent = pbText;\r\n\r\n var tv = document.getElementById('resTco');\r\n tv.textContent = (diff<=0?'\u2212':'+') + (Math.abs(diff) > 999 ? '999+' : Math.abs(diff).toFixed(0)) + '%';\r\n tv.className = 'v ' + (diff<=0 ? 'up' : 'dn');\r\n\r\n \/* ten-year bars *\/\r\n var max = Math.max(boiler10, hp10);\r\n document.getElementById('barBoiler').style.width = (boiler10\/max*100).toFixed(1) + '%';\r\n document.getElementById('barHp').style.width = (hp10\/max*100).toFixed(1) + '%';\r\n document.getElementById('barBoilerV').textContent = money(boiler10);\r\n document.getElementById('barHpV').textContent = money(hp10);\r\n\r\n var v = document.getElementById('tcoVerdict');\r\n if(hpCost >= boilerCost){\r\n v.className = 'verdict no';\r\n v.innerHTML = '<b>Not economic on energy cost.<\/b> At COP '+cop.toFixed(1)+' the heat pump costs '+\r\n Math.abs((hpCost\/boilerCost-1)*100).toFixed(0)+'% more per kWh of heat than the boiler, and you would need COP '+\r\n be.toFixed(2)+' to break even. Three levers, in order of effect: recover waste heat so the lift shrinks, lower the delivery temperature where the process allows, or improve boiler efficiency \u2014 a boiler running at 70% makes the heat pump look far better than one at 92%.';\r\n } else if(payback <= 3){\r\n var need = capex \/ ((boilerCost-hpCost) * load * 5);\r\n v.className = 'verdict ok';\r\n v.innerHTML = '<b>Clear case, capital included.<\/b> Ten-year cost is '+Math.abs(diff).toFixed(0)+\r\n '% lower and payback is '+payback.toFixed(1)+' years at '+hrs.toLocaleString()+' hours a year. '+\r\n (need <= 8760\r\n ? 'A five-year payback holds as long as you run at least '+Math.round(need).toLocaleString()+' hours a year \u2014 inside a two-shift operation.'\r\n : 'Note that a five-year payback would need '+Math.round(need).toLocaleString()+' hours a year, which is more than a continuous year: at this capital cost the case depends on running closer to 24\/7.');\r\n } else if(payback <= 6){\r\n v.className = 'verdict mid';\r\n v.innerHTML = '<b>Workable, but the capital dominates.<\/b> Payback is '+payback.toFixed(1)+\r\n ' years, which is a normal industrial project rather than a standout one. It becomes comfortable below five years with a grant or tax credit, a carbon price, a longer operating year, or a staged scope where the first machine serves only the highest-hour loop rather than the whole plant.';\r\n } else {\r\n v.className = 'verdict no';\r\n v.innerHTML = '<b>Not on these numbers.<\/b> Payback is '+pbText+\r\n '. Before abandoning it, check three things: are the operating hours real or nameplate, is the load an average or a peak, and does the capital include scope you do not need yet? A partial system serving one continuous loop often pays back twice as fast as a whole-plant design.';\r\n }\r\n }\r\n\r\n slider.addEventListener('input', update);\r\n [fuelEl, elecEl, effEl, copEl, loadEl, hrsEl, capEl].forEach(function(el){\r\n el.addEventListener('input', calc);\r\n });\r\n\r\n update();\r\n})();\r\n<\/script>\r\n\r\n<\/body>\r\n<\/html>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-45374e9 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"45374e9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-195c16b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"195c16b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Send us 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Lithium battery drying, dry-room regeneration, wafer wet cleaning, hot ultrapure water \u2014 the heat that decides whether a cell or a wafer passes, produced at 30\u2013150 \u00b0C with no flame. 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